2. -Led the Allies in the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1952 -September of 1945: took charge of Supreme Command of Allied Powers (SCAP) -MacArthur had the final say in all decisions -Considered on of History's Greatest Men Japan -1880-1964 -Spent his entire life with the Army -Grew up in the remote areas of New Mexico where his father was in charge of an infantry -As a teen, MacArthur won the Congressional Medal of Honor for leading an assault up Missionary Ridge in Tennessee -Attended the West Texas Military Academy Life "You couldn't shrug your shoulders at Douglas MacArthur," observes historian David McCullough. "There was nothing bland about him, nothing passive about him, nothing dull about him. There's no question about his patriotism, there's no question about his courage, and there's no question, it seems to me, about his importance as one of the protagonists of the 20th century." Quote

3. After WWII United States General Douglas MacArthur led the Allies in occupation and Rehabilitation of Japan: Enacted military, political, economic, and social reforms United States, Great Britain, Soviet union, and Republic of China called for japan surrender in the Potsdam Declaration: Achieved by August 1945 The reconstruction of Japan is considered to have three Parts: Punish and Reform, Revise Economy, and Peace treaty and Alliance

4. Punishment War crime trials in Tokyo Government Japanese army was dismantles government reformed A new Japanese constitution was made by Allies Economic Land reform was introduced A free trade market was created The Punishment and Reformation of Japan 1945-47

5. The Revising of the Japanese Economy, “The Reverse Course” 1947-50 Biggest problem: Where to store raw materials for Japanese industries and markets Korean war in 1950 answered this problem: when the UN entered this war, Japan became their supply depot This confined Japan to the united States and made sure no threat would be made on Japanese soil Economic crisis emerged and there were concerns about the spread of communism in Japan Weakening economy addressed by tax reform and controlling inflation

6. The Formation of a Peace Treaty and an Alliance 1950-51 The political and economic future of Japan was deemed as firmly established Now a formal peace treaty for end of war and occupation was needed This treaty allowed the USA to maintain its bases in Okinawa Japan was promised a bilateral security pact In 1951, 52 nations net in San Francisco and 49 signed the treaty The USSR, Poland and Czechoslovaki a did not sign

8. Origin Japan: 1945-1951 Purpose To show how destroyed Japan was after WWII and how greatly reconstruction was needed. Value This gives viewers a look into the lives of Japanese citizens. We can see how despite the rubble around them, people tried to continue on with their normal lives. Limitation This is a picture of a rural area in Japan. We are not able to see how the urban population or the government reacted to the destruction of their city or the need for reconstruction.

9. Nationalist Party vs. Communist Party -Led by Chiang Kai- Shek -Took control of urban and industrial areas in the south -Nationalists popularity decreased as inflation grew and moral plummeted -Led by Mao Zedong -Took control of rural areas in the north: strong in Manchuria -Most peasants and former soldiers joined the communist movement After japan left Chinese soil, both groups rushed to control the formerly occupied areas

10. -300,000 nationalist troops surrendered to Communists in Manchuria -Two months later, 66 nationalist divisions were captured -Communists formed the People’s Republic of china -In response, Nationalists formed the Republic of China -Millions of citizens killed in war, millions killed by starvation and disease -The largest country (through population) was now communis t This war impacted USA foreign policy: formation of the domino theory

11. After WWII, it was decided that the United states and the Soviet Union were the two dominant world powers With the rise of communism, it was evident that the USA needed to review their national security strategy-they came up with NSC-68 Top secret report made by U.S. Department of State’s Policy Planning Staff April 7, 1950 Stated that the most pressing threat was the “Hostile design” of the USSR because the addition of nuclear weapons to the Soviet’s arsenal Argued that the USA needed to massively build up its military and weaponry

12. NSC-68 included several possible ways of dealing with the Soviet Union IsolationismRejected: USA did not want USSR to dominate Eurasia WarRejected: USA felt that this would not destroy the USSR’s military offensive but instead devastate western Europe Diplomatic EffortsNot completely ruled out: May cause the Soviet union to pursue military solutions in the Cold War Buildup of ArmsRuled the only plausible way to deal with the cold war conflict

13. Opposition to NSC- 68: Many argued that the USA could dominate the USSR through political and economic measures and no new military arsenal was needed However, after invasion of South Korea by USSR in 1950, NSC-68 recommendations became policy The defense expenditures almost tripled between 1950 and 1953 (5%-14.2%)

14. Domino Theory Governed most of United states foreign policy in the early 1950s Said that one communist victory would lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers This theory was used to justify USA’s intervention in foreign countries Ex. Support of non-communist regime in South Vietnam against the communist regime in North Vietnam Communism failed to spread throughout the rest of Southeast Asia President Eisenhower was the first to refer to the spread of communism as domino in 1954

15. “Chinese Civil War: In Depth.” filebox.vt.edu. 3 April 2014. “Domino Theory.” history.com. 3 April 2014. “Domino Theory.” princeton.edu. 3 April 2014. Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War. Penguin Publishing Press, 2005. Print. “General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964).” 2009, pbs.org. 3 April 2014. “NSC 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security.” mtholyoke.edu. 3 April 2014. “NSC-68, 1950.” history.state.gov. 3 April 2014. “Occupation and Reconstruction of Japan, 1945–52.” history.state.gov. 3 April 2014.