1. Standard 5
Domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the emergence of the United States as a world power in the twentieth century.

2. Day 1 Wednesday

3. 5.1 4 slides American expansionism Imperialism Isolationism
Intervention
Imperialism
Social Darwinism
Capitalism
Domestic issues

4. Imperialism
Historically, the US focused on domestic issues instead of international affairs
Previous expansion was motivated by land hunger
Expansion in the late 19th c. went beyond land in search of new markets
Imperialism- stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

5. Imperialism
The US moved from isolationism to intervention because of expanding capitalism
Increased the need for raw materials and new markets
Trading overseas would increased demand for US manufactured goods
Led to increased farm production

6. Imperialism
Growing nationalism fostered the desire to expand American naval power in order to compete with other imperialist nations
Protect trade
Secure markets
Spread Christianity

7. Imperialism
Social Darwinism encouraged the idea that Americans were superior to other cultures
Must expand to fulfill the nation’s destiny
Expansionism led the US to spread American ideas, religious beliefs, and capitalism to other nations
It also initiated foreign resentment of American interference

8. Day 2 Thursday

9. 5.2 5 slides Spanish American War Yellow journalism South Pacific
Pro- and anti-imperialists

10. Spanish American War
US involvement in the Spanish American War marked America’s emergence as a world power
The US sympathized with the democratic aspirations of the oppressed Cubans
Desire for new markets and expanding capitalism
Expansion of naval power
Yellow journalism sensationalized events in Cuba (USS Maine and DeLome letter)
President McKinley was pressured to ask Congress to declare war

12. Spanish American War
The US annexed Hawaii and captured Manila Harbor (Philippines) immediately after the war declaration
Offered a convenient fueling stop on the way to markets in Asia
After the war, Americans were against annexing the Philippines because they would never be fully incorporated into the Union
McKinley believed it was America’s responsibility to govern the Filipinos who could not govern themselves

13. Spanish American War
Social Darwinism and racial prejudices influenced both Pro- and Anti-Imperialists
Domestic prejudices manifested through Jim Crow Laws and voting restrictions

14. Spanish American War
After the Spanish American War, the US gained territory in the Caribbean and the Pacific
The Philippines
Wake Island
Guam
Puerto Rico
The Platt Amendment declared the US a protectorate of Cuba, controlling economic and political influences
The debate of how to govern these areas was heighted when Filipinos started revolting against the US

15. Spanish American War
The SCOTUS ruled that the “Constitution does not follow the flag”
Subject peoples do not have the same rights as citizens of the US
These lands were not offered statehood
Subject peoples saw the US as a colonial power, not the champion of liberty

16. Day 3 Friday

17. 5.3 6 slides US foreign policy in the early 20th century
Open Door policy
Panama Revolution
Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy”
Taft’s “dollar diplomacy”
Wilson’s “moral diplomacy”
Changing world perceptions

18. Imperialism
America changed form isolationism to imperialism based on the need for new markets
Chinese and Latin American policy became more assertive

19. Influence in China
European nations had trading privileges with China called ‘spheres of influence’
In its Open Door Policy, the US asked that all foreign powers have equal opportunity to trade
Great Britain supported the Open Door Policy (much like they supported the Monroe Doctrine)
Chinese nationalists called the “Boxers” resisted foreign involvement but were put down by the US and British during the Boxer Rebellion

20. Influence in Latin America
US involvement in Latin America increased after the Spanish American War
The Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution extended US supervision over Cuban affairs and granted the right to lease a military base at Guantanamo Bay

21. Influence in Latin America
US imperialism in Latin America manifested during the Panama Revolution
The US supported the Panamanians in their revolt against the Colombian government
In return, Panama agreed to give the US exclusive rights to build a canal
This allowed the US to gain influence over the region for almost a century
Alienated Colombia (and later Panama)

22. Presidential Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine described the US as the police of the Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy increased the US profile in world affairs
William H. Taft’s “Dollar” diplomacy promised to protect US economic and business investments in Latin America

23. Presidential Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral” diplomacy was used to ‘teach the Mexicans to elect good men’ while supporting US businessmen
Each president’s policy involved the US more deeply in the Western Hemisphere, angered US neighbors, and increased the US’ role in world affairs

24. Day 4 Monday

25. 5.4 12 slides Causes and consequences of US involvement in World War I
Neutrality
Declaration of war
Propaganda
Individual liberties
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations

26. Nationalism and Alliances
‘Nation’ refers to a group of people who share a common language, religion, history and traditions
Not all nations had states
Many were included in empires
Ethnic and ideological differences led to conflict within these empires
Nationalism promoted competition in military strength and led to military alliances

27. Start of World War I
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist sparked the start of the Great War
Serbian nationalists were revolting against the imperialistic control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
The confrontation between Serbia and Austria-Hungary quickly involved much of Europe due to the alliance system

28. US Neutrality
The US initially declared neutrality at the start of WWI but European actions caused it to fail
Trade
Submarines
Mexico

29. US Neutrality: Trade US utilized its traditional trading ties with GB
British blockades of German ports limited American trade with Germany
US businesses loaned money to the Allies to promote trade

30. US Neutrality: Submarine Warfare
Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare affected US public opinion on the War
The 1915 German U-boat’s sinking of the Lusitania outraged President Wilson and the American public
Lusitania- British passenger ship which had Americans on board
Germany pledged to restrict their use of submarine warfare

31. US Neutrality: Mexico
Wilson was re-elected in 1916 on the slogan “he kept us out of war”
GB intercepted and published a telegram from Germany to Mexico
Zimmerman note- Germany asked Mexico to declare war on the US and after the war, Mexico would regain their lost territory
Americans were outraged because this would have violated their neutrality

32. Declaration of War
Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in Spring 1917
Wilson asked Congress to declare war in April 1917
“make the world safe for democracy”
Fourteen Points peace plan to achieve a “just and lasting peace”
Freedom of the seas
End to secret treaties
Arms reduction
Self-determination
International peace organization

33. End of World War I
Due to American involvement, Germany’s last push on the Western front in France was deflected
The armistice started on Nov. 11, 1918
Ended the fighting between the Allies and the Central Powers

34. Day 5 Tuesday

35. Propaganda Propaganda created a united war effort
Planted victory gardens
Enlisted in the military
Bought war bonds
Characterized German’s as “Huns”
Resulted in discrimination against German Americans
Stopped teaching German in schools
Restricted the playing of German music
Renamed German foods

36. Propaganda
The Sedition Act restricted the individual liberties of Americans
Couldn’t voice their ideological objections to the war effort
Contributed to the post-war Red Scare (fear of communism)

37. Peace Treaty
President Wilson wanted a peace settlement based on his Fourteen Points
Other allies were determined to protect their own national interests
Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt Clause
Reparations
Demilitarization
New national boarders based on self-determination
The harsh terms of the treaty laid the bases for WW2

38. Peace Treaty
The League of Nations would act as a discussion board for member nations
Created to prevent secret alliances
Promoted diplomacy instead of war declaration

39. 5.5 3 slides US rejection of internationalism Postwar disillusionment
Treaty of Versailles
Election of 1920
1920s International Affairs

40. US Treaty with Germany
The US Constitution grants the executive branch power over foreign policy
Check and balances requires the Senate to ratify all treaties
President Wilson took a central role in the Treaty of Versailles and wanted the US to play a leading role in the League of Nations
The Senate refused to ratify the treaty because of fears it would bring the US into future conflicts
The US made a separate peace with Germany

41. US Treaty with Germany
The US never joined the League but did send observers to the meetings
The US joined other nations in the call for limiting the size of navies
The US loaned money to Germany so they could pay war reparations to France and GB then those nations could pay off loans to the US
Dawes Plan- $800 million
Young Plan- Reduced reparation amount from 269 billion gold marks to 112 billion ($8 billion USD)

42. US Isolationism
The US did not intervene in European affairs when dictators rose to power in Italy and Germany during the 1920s and 1930s
When the Great Depression started in 1929, Americans were too concerned with domestic problems to worry about European issues
The Neutrality Acts were passed to keep the US out of any future war