1. Factor 5 Flow City Future Images of Sustainable Urban Development in the Baltic Sea Region Per G Berg Landscape Planning Department, SLU Uppsala

2. The Planetary Shield is Injured

3. Here it is: our endangered atmospheric shield

4. The Cities in the Baltic Sea Region is a part of the Problem

5. So What is a Factor Five Flow City?

6. Definition 1: Factor 5 City A factor 5 City has reduced its need for life support areas to 20% of the present situation, without compromising with the citizens’ access to culture, parks, service, education and work places. A factor 5 City has reduced its need for life support areas to 20% of the present situation, without compromising with the citizens’ access to culture, parks, service, education and work places.

7. Definition 2 : Flow City Physical, economic, organisational and other resources continuously streaming or being exchanged in a dynamic system (e.g. a city). Physical, economic, organisational and other resources continuously streaming or being exchanged in a dynamic system (e.g. a city). E.g. flows of energy, money, traffic, laundry and knowledge. Also a light state of mind – a psychological sense of Context. E.g. flows of energy, money, traffic, laundry and knowledge. Also a light state of mind – a psychological sense of Context.

8. Definition 3: Factor 5 Flow City FFFC is a semi-quantitative metaphor for a city with radically less need for physical life support and with far less cultural, social and organisational “friction” than today. FFFC is a semi-quantitative metaphor for a city with radically less need for physical life support and with far less cultural, social and organisational “friction” than today.

9. Factor five flow city = 5 x more efficient than today Uses only 20% of the fossile fuels of today Uses only 20% of the fossile fuels of today Has only 20% of the nutrient losses Has only 20% of the nutrient losses Reduce transport CO2-exhaust with 80% Reduce transport CO2-exhaust with 80% Has a five time longer ”active” coastline between built and green structues Has a five time longer ”active” coastline between built and green structues Produces the same social, organisational and cultural resources with only a fifth of the ecosystems life support area. Produces the same social, organisational and cultural resources with only a fifth of the ecosystems life support area.

10. Is this a Good Example?

11. I was just kidding….

12. There are good FFFC house level examples – The Lindås house without Heat System

13. FFFC communities – Hågaby model area: 50 aspects of SD.

14. There are also good FFFC plans for townscape areas

15. Examples of Factor Five Flow City Candidates TOWNS (Baltic Reg) TOWNS (Baltic Reg) Livani, Latvia Livani, Latvia Hällefors, Sweden Hällefors, Sweden Hannover, Germany Hannover, Germany Novgorod, Russia Novgorod, Russia Sopot, Poland Sopot, Poland Turku, Finland Turku, Finland CITIES CITIES Vancouver Vancouver Seattle Seattle Münich Münich Hong Kong Hong Kong Stockholm Stockholm Curitiba Curitiba

16. Factor five flow Regions The Baltic Sea Region The Baltic Sea Region Mediterranian region Mediterranian region Alp-Adriatic Region Alp-Adriatic Region North West U.S. and Canada North West U.S. and Canada North-West Russia North-West Russia Southern Africa Southern Africa

17. Why Factor 5 Flow City?

18. The Carrying Capacity of Soils CULTURE YEARIND / km2 CULTURE YEARIND / km2 Hunters and Gatherers <4000 B.C.1 Hunters and Gatherers <4000 B.C.1 Slash-Burn Agriculture 4000-1000 B.C.20 Slash-Burn Agriculture 4000-1000 B.C.20 Permanent Agriculture 1000-180050 Permanent Agriculture 1000-180050 Meadow-field Agriculture 1800-1950200 Meadow-field Agriculture 1800-1950200 Modern Agriculture 1950- 3000 Modern Agriculture 1950- 3000 Looks good, doesn’t it?

19. Simultaneously……

20. Life-Support areas (LSA) are too large Carl Folke et al. 1997. AMBIO

21. The ratio between City and LSA City – Life-support-Area City-Primary Production: 1:200 City-Waste Assimilation area 1:550-1200 City- Total Life-Support Area ~ 1: 1000 The Goal is: 1:200 = Factor 5

22. Or expressed as footprints: 29 largest BSR cities appropriate 75-150% of the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin

23. How can FFFC be realised?

24. Seven planning resources (framework) for a Factor Five Flow City – adopted from the Habitat Agenda (1996 and 2001) P E B OS C A

25. A factor five flow culture…. Conserve physical resources and introduce renewable energy, materials and waters Conserve physical resources and introduce renewable energy, materials and waters Decouple economy from environmental impact Decouple economy from environmental impact Fractally integrate green and built structures Fractally integrate green and built structures Forms an organisationally efficient city, town, community and settlement structure Forms an organisationally efficient city, town, community and settlement structure Upholds strong social communities supporting a sustainable and healthy lifestyle Upholds strong social communities supporting a sustainable and healthy lifestyle Always emphasises its local cultures over time Always emphasises its local cultures over time Designs intersensory supportive human habitats Designs intersensory supportive human habitats

26. Conserve physical resources: energy, materials and waters The Renewable Diversity Era The Renewable Diversity Era The Bio-Detoxification Era The Bio-Detoxification Era The Dematerialisation Era The Dematerialisation Era The Cascade Coupling Era The Cascade Coupling Era The Sustainable Lifestyle Era The Sustainable Lifestyle Era The Lighter Backpack Era The Lighter Backpack Era

27. Non-renewable Uranium: Formation time: >3 billion years

28. Non-renewable Carbon: Formation time: 300 million years

29. Half-renewablePeat: formation time: 300 to 3000 years

30. Renewable Bio-Pellets : Formation time: 3-30 years

31. Renewable Solar energy : Formation time: 0.000 000 3 Seconds

32. The Chinese Thermos

33. The New Solar Heat Cool Storage Miracle Machine from ClimateWell

34. The Detoxification Era: Our invisible Allies

35. The Dematerialisation Era : Step 1 Prime minister’s Heat absorbers

36. The Dematerialisation ERA: Step 2: The Factor 5 Rubber Cloth Absorber

37. The Dematerialisation Era: Step 3 – The factor 1000 Chinese Thermos

38. The cascade coupling Era: The Living machine

39. The Sustainable Lifestyle Era

40. The Lighter Backpack Era

41. CONCLUSIONS: The Factor Five flow City:

42. Decouples Economic Growth from Environmental Impact – the Factor 5 Car (energy and materials)

43. Fractally integrate built and Green structures…

44. …Utilises the Green-Blue City Coast = factor 5 longer than a compact circle

45. Forms an efficient communities-, transport-, and information-infrastructure = factor 5

46. Upholds strong communities supporting a sustainable and healthy factor 5 lifestyle

47. Always emphasises its local Heritage over time, which contributes to a Factor 5 lifestyle

48. Designs intersensory supportive human habitats = supports factor 5 lifestyle

49. Programme 2006-2010: Factor Five Flow City in 10 Baltic Region Cities 10 comprehensive plans 10 comprehensive plans 50 years futures studies on Factor five flow adataption 50 years futures studies on Factor five flow adataption 10 core researchers 10 core researchers 50 assisting senior and junior researchers 50 assisting senior and junior researchers Practitioners and communication teams continuously reviewing Practitioners and communication teams continuously reviewing

50. Factor 5 Flow City Per G Berg Landscape Planning Department, SLU Uppsala INFO and LINKS: per.berg@lpul.slu.se WWW.LPUL.SLU.SE