1. Care, Prevention and Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries Common Athletic Injuries

2. MENWOMEN Injury Site (%) Knee 27Knee 29 Ankle 10 Lower back 9 Lower Leg 7Lower Leg 6 Metatarsal region 7Metatarsal region 3 Toes 4Toes 3 Calf 3 Achilles Tendon 3 Sole 3Sole 2 Hip 3Hip 2 Athletic injuries in Adults (British Journal of Sports Medicin e) 1997 Athletic injuries in Adults (British Journal of Sports Medicin e) 1997

3. Common Athletic Injuries – 1995 – High School Basketball Injury Research Results – Where do high school basketball injuries occur? Injury SiteBoys (%)Girls (%) Ankle/foot38.336.0 Hip/thigh/leg14.716.6 Face/scalp12.28.8 Forearm/wrist/ hand 11.511.2 Knee10.313.0

4. Common Athletic Injuries What are the most common injuries in high school Basketball? Injury SiteBoys (%)Girls (%) Sprains44.644.2 General trauma 26.519.6 Strains13.316.2 Data from NATA (USA), 1998

5. Common Athletic Injuries What basketball activities lead to injury more frequently? Injury SiteBoys (%)Girls (%) Scrambling for loose balls 34.436.3 Controlled pattern activity 27.832.6 Rebounding26.030.8

6. Common Athletic Injuries What are the percentages of major, moderate and minor injuries? Injury SiteBoys (%)Girls (%) Minor79.476.0 Moderate12.415.1 Major8.29.0

7. Common Athletic Injuries Fractures Breaking of bone We will look at two types of fractures, open and closed Open = skin being broken Closed = skin not broken

8. Common Athletic Injuries Open fractures Worse than closed fractures. Why? Risk of infection Cover wound Before splinting

9. Common Athletic Injuries

10. Closed Fractures Skin not broken Treated by splinting and sending off to doctor Always check distal pulse and capillary refill Immobilize

11. Common Athletic Injuries Capillary Refill This is used for testing blood flow in the distal extremities Pinch the finger/toe nail bed…turns white, then release, compare to unaffected side of the body

12. Common Athletic Injuries Fracture tests There are three fracture tests that we will look at 1. Visual deformity – this is pretty straight forward 2. Compression – push bones together, feel for crepititis and pain 3. Tap/Vibration test – use fingers, or tuning fork to test for fracture. If there is a fracture, vibrations will feel different.

13. Common Athletic Injuries Purpose of immobilization Decrease pain Prevent further damage to underlying tissues Reduce risk of bleeding/loss of circulation Prevent closed fracture from becoming open. The ground can temp. immobilize an injury

14. Common Athletic Injuries Splints A splint is a device that holds an injury in place Follow these principles: splint must immobilize above and below injury site; do not splint if it will cause too much pain discomfort; check circulation before and after splinting

15. Common Athletic Injuries There are 4 types of splints 1. Soft – triangular bandages, towels etc. 2. Rigid – Boards, metal, cardboard etc.. 3. Anatomical – use of body to immobilize 4. Traction – do not unless trained, or can hold traction until EMS arrives

16. Common Athletic Injuries L-R: rigid, soft, anatomical and traction

17. Common Athletic Injuries How to splint Support body part Cover open wounds Check circulation Pad splint so its shaped to injury Secure splint with triangular bandages Recheck circulation Elevate if possible

18. Common Athletic Injuries Slings 1. Cervical arm sling: Supports forearm, wrist, and hand. A triangular bandage is placed around the neck and under the bent arm that is to be supported. 2. Sling and swath: Stabilize arm securely in case of shoulder dislocation or fracture.

19. Common Athletic Injuries Sprained Ankle Very common on lateral side of the foot (inversion sprain) Tight heel end contributes to this injury One or two ligaments tend to be involved Balance and proproception may be worse in persons who have a history of ankle sprains – both factors are used in rehabilitation programs

20. Top 5 Gruesome Sports Injuries Not too nice this one, a footballer with his knee completely twisted around. Ouch!

21. Top 5 Gruesome Injuries When you think you’ve had a bad soccer game, remember this guy!

22. Top 5 Gruesome injuries Rugby: a gentlemen’s game.

23. Top 5 Gruesome injuries In most sports keeping your eye on the opposition is imperative!

24. Top 5 Gruesome injuries Maybe he should go for a little lighter weight next time!