1. Warm-up 9/15
Predict what you think the sun’s structure looks like. You can draw a picture or write out your explanation.
Make sure to include WHY you think the structure is how you described it.

2. Our Sun How did it form? Basic facts 99.8% of mass 100x diameter of
Earth
5,527oC
92.1% H, 7.8% He
Plasma
Sun today
Main source of Earth’s energy

3. How do we get the Sun’s energy?
Need to know!
Thermal energy
Temperature
Heat
3 Types of heat
Occur in different parts of the Sun
1. Conduction
Core
Dense, hottest
Hydrogen fusion

4. 2. Radiation Light waves How energy gets to Earth Radiation Zone
Energy moves slowly
Thick layer

5. 3. Convection Convection Zone Moves more quickly in this layer
In fluids (liquids, gases, plasma)
Material heated (conduction)
Rises….why?
Sinks….why?
Repeat
Convection Zone
Moves more quickly in
this layer
Use beaker of hot water to watch movement of food coloring to see currents
Use pinwheel over a flame to see currents in air

6. Test Corrections & Grade Reflection
Part 1 - Corrections
You may correct the math portion of the test for half credit.
SHOW ALL WORK on a SEPARATE sheet of paper.
Part 2 - Reflection
Calculate your test score:
Scantron score + math score (11 - # missed)
Complete grade reflection
DUE Thursday 9/18

7. Inner Solar Structure Review
Core
Radiation Zone
Convection Zone

8. Outer Solar Structure Photosphere Chromosphere Corona Visible surface
Temp. increases
Red glow
Corona
Outermost layer
Very hot
Seen during an eclipse

9. Sun’s Magnetic Field What is a magnetic field?
What is a magnetic field?
What causes a magnetic field?
On the Sun?
Effect of rotation
Different rotation rates
Magnetic field lines get wound up
Eventually snap
Use overhead with magnetic filings to show magnetic field lines of a magnet
Use rubber band to simulate wrapping of magnetic field lines

10. Sunspots Intense magnetic field prevents convection.
Cooler than nearby areas
Appear in pairs
Brightness & temp.

11. Sunspot Lab

12. Warm-up 9/18-19 How are conduction, convection and radiation similar?
Give a real-life example of conduction, convection and radiation making an object warmer.
What observations can you make about sunspots on the sun? Think about your graph.

13. Sunspot Cycle Predictable cycle 11-years Minimums Last maximum = 2013
Low # of prominences, flares and sunspots
11-years
Cooler climate on Earth
Minimums
Last maximum = 2013
Last = 2008/2009

14. Surface Features Solar flares Prominence Caused by field snap
High energy
Explosive
Prominence
Loops/arches
Follow magnetic
field lines into
space
Video in loop picture

15. Solar Wind & CME Solar Wind Plasma stream Hot, high speed
Solar Wind
Plasma stream
Hot, high speed
Coronal Mass Ejections (CME)
Massive eruption
Rearrangement of magnetic
field lines
Recent CMEs
Effects on Earth
Disrupt magnetic field shape
Damage electronics
Danger to astronauts

16. Aurora Interaction of particles and magnetic field Colors
Aurora
Interaction of particles and magnetic field
Particles drawn to poles
Colors
Elements
Altitude
Constantly changing
Borealis or Australis
Video

17. Warm-up 9/22-23
1. How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares similar? How are they different? 2. How are the aurora created? 3. Create a hypothesis for how other things in space form.
10 minute timer, #12 CT

18. Mass & Gravity & Weight …oh my!
Definition
Tool
Units
Gravity
Definition
9.8 m/s2
Weight
W = m*g
Units
Video in Astronaut pic:

19. How does this other stuff form?
Nebula
Evidence for formation from one nebula
Nearly circular orbits
Orbit in same direction
Orbits in same plane
Planets rotate in same direction (mostly)

20. What’s happening towards the Sun?
Heavier elements
Hotter
Terrestrial planets
Asteroid belt
Affected by Jupiter
Objects may leave

21. What’s happening at the outer edge?
Cooler
Lighter elements
Gas giants
Kuiper belt
Icy chunks
Asteroids
Pluto
Oort cloud
Comets
Source of Earth’s water?

22. The BIG picture!

23. You would weigh differently on Jupiter than on Earth!
Mass
Weight
kg, g, lbs.
Definition
Doesn’t change with location
Newtons
Definition
Can change with location

24. It is HOW big? Astronomical Unit 1 AU = 9.3 x 107 mi
Equals the average distance from the Sun to the Earth
1 AU = 9.3 x 107 mi
1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km
1 AU = 1.6 x 10-7 ly
Practice!
The Moon is 380,000 km away = _____ AU

25. Distance & Diameter Modeling

26. Exit Slip Create a way to remember the order of the planets.
1 – Create a model
Create a way to remember the order of the planets.

27. Warm-up 9/24-25
How has gravity played a role in the forming of the rest of the stuff in the solar system?
If you were on Jupiter, would you weigh more, less or the same as on Earth?
If you were on Jupiter, would you have more, less or the same amount of mass as on Earth?
Create your own definitions for planet, dwarf planet, moon, comet and asteroid.
4 – Critical Thinking

28. How do scientists define them?
Planet
Orbit only a star
Round
Dominant object in its orbit
Dwarf planet
Not dominant object in its orbit
Tends to be small
Rocky and icy
Ceres is in the asteroid belt
Eris is in the Kuiper belt, Dysnomia is its moon

29. Moons and Asteroids Moons Asteroid Orbit another body (not a star)
Moons
Orbit another body (not a star)
Asteroid
Orbit only a star
Irregularly shaped
Tend to be small
Meteors
Meteoroid
Meteorite

30. Comets Orbit only a star Ball of frozen gas and dust
Comets
Orbit only a star
Large, very elliptical orbits
Ball of frozen gas and dust
Coma

31. Orbits a star once every 90,465 days
A new celestial body has been discovered! How should this body be classified and why?
Orbits a star once every 90,465 days
Volume is about 1/200th the size of Earth
Large enough to be relatively round in shape
Average surface temperature -229O C
~5.9 billion km from the a star
Elliptical and angled orbit
Crosses paths with another object

32. This object is also known as…
PLUTO!!!
Why is it not a planet?
Orbit a star?
Yes
Round?
Dominant object in orbit?
NO!
What is Pluto?

33. Warm-up 9/29 Where do you think the moon came from?
Imagine the night sky. How many different ways have you seen the Moon in your life? Draw them!

34. Formation of the Moon Theories
Former theories
Captured by Earth’s gravity
Formed at same time as Earth
Collision of small planets
Current theory
Collision with early Earth
Similar material to Earth
Age – 4.5 billion years

35. Moon Basics Structure Gravity Magnetic field Atmosphere Rotation
Moon Basics
Structure
Inner core, outer core
Solid mantle
Crust
Gravity
Magnetic field
Atmosphere
Rotation
Distance to Earth
Reflects sunlight

36. Moon Faces… no Phases Complete front of worksheet
Complete front of worksheet
What is occurring in these phases?
New
Full
Quarter
Between phases
Gibbous vs. crescent
Waxing vs. waning
Name the phase

37. Warm-up 9/30 & 10/1
How would your mass and weight change if you went to the Moon?
What is the current theory on how the Moon was formed?
Why do we only see one side of the Moon?
Describe how the new moon and full moon are ‘created.’

38. Earth and its Moon Eclipses Lunar Why? Which phase?? Solar
That’s cool!
…but…
Why don’t they happen all the time!?

39. Earth and its Moon
Tides!
Bay of Fundy

42. Earth and its Moon Big Picture Tides! Bay of Fundy Tides vs. Waves
High vs. Low
2 tides
Where do they occur?

43. What is needed for life to exist?
Liquid water
Habitable Zone
What can effect HZ?
Star – size and temperature
Distance from star
Size of planet
Structure of planet
Presence of atmosphere
Other source of heat

44. Is There Life Out There? Our Solar System (and beyond)
Draw a picture of what you think life would look like on another planet, if it existed.
Describe why you drew that image.

45. Solar Quiz
What is the one thing that is absolutely essential for life?
What do you think would be the next thing that would be most important for life? WHY?
What are the two hottest parts of the sun’s structure?
How does convection work?
What do you think is the most interesting thing about the sun? WHY?

46. Warm-up: Solar Quiz 2.0 Using your notes…try again!
What is the one thing that is absolutely essential for life?
What do you think would be the next thing that would be most important for life? WHY?
What are the two hottest parts of the sun’s structure?
How does convection work?
What do you think is the most interesting thing about the sun? WHY?

47. Warm-up 10/30-31 Why do humans create models? Provide two examples.
Why would it be important for the model to be to scale? What does that even mean?

48. QUIZ!
Describe what was found on Mars. THIS IS NOT A ONE WORD ANSWER! Talk about how much, in what form etc…
What is one of Curiosity’s main missions on Mars?
What did Curiosity find that is bad news for humans? What does this mean for humans going to Mars?
HOMEWORK! Write a paragraph (5-8 sentences), in which you construct an argument either in favor or against the U.S. spending money on space exploration. The current budget for NASA is $17.7 BILLION! Should the U.S. continue to fund space exploration? Be sure to provide support for your argument! Use proper spelling and grammar!