1. Pregnancy

2. What are some signs that a woman might be pregnant?

3. Early Signs of Pregnancy 1.A Missed Menstrual Period 2. Fullness or Ache in Abdomen 3. Tired or Faint 4. Nausea 5. Need to Urinate More Often 6. Tenderness in Breasts

4. She is pregnant, now what? Calculate the due date Choose a prenatal caregiver Continue to eat healthy Exercise appropriately Be prepared for early symptoms (nausea) Decide when tell others Expect body changes Follow the baby's development Figure out finances Sign up for a newsletter Join a birth club Pick up a book, or two Start brainstorming names

5. What to Expect at the 1 st Doctor’s Visit 1. Blood Pressure 2. Weight 3. Medical History 4. Measure Pelvis 5. Analyze Urine Infection Diabetes High blood pressure (Preeclampsia – reduces blood flow which affects organs) 6. Blood Tests Anemia Rh factor Immunity to rubella (German measles)

6. Pregnancy Doctor Visits Until month 6: Once a month Months 7-8: Twice a month Month 9: Once a week

7. Possible Discomforts of Pregnancy 1.Nausea 2. Sleepiness 3. Heartburn 4. Shortness of Breath 5. Varicose Veins 6. Muscle Cramps in Legs 7. Lower Back Pain

8. Possible Issues During Pregnancy Vaginal bleeding Unusual weight gain Excessive thirst Painful or reduced urination Severe abdominal pain Persistent headaches If any of these issues happen during pregnancy, contact the doctor right away.

9. Possible Issues During Pregnancy continued Severe vomiting Fever Swelling of face, hands, ankles Blurred vision, dizziness Prolonged backache Increased vaginal mucus If any of these issues happen during pregnancy, contact the doctor right away.

10. Possible Pregnancy Complications Ectopic Pregnancy –the fertilized egg stays in the fallopian tube instead of moving into the uterus Gestational Diabetes –a form of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy –Can result in a heavier Baby Preeclampsia –High blood pressure and protein in mother’s urine Anemia –A lack of iron resulting in poor appetite, fatigue, and weakness

11. Possible Pregnancy Complications Rhesus (Rh) factor Inherited trait Specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells. –If your blood has the protein, you're Rh positive  the most common Rh factor. –If your blood lacks the protein, you're Rh negative. Doesn't affect mother’s health Can affect pregnancy if the mother is Rh negative and baby's father is Rh positive. Mother’s blood will produce antibodies that will attack the protein in the fetus’s blood Does not affect the first pregnancy Prevention - An injection of immunoglobulin before pregnancy

12. STDs and Pregnancy STD/STI Chart –Risks, Method of Transfer, Treatment Click on image for link

13. Weight Gain

14. Nutritional needs during pregnancy Pregnancy nutrition is essential for a healthy baby Adopt a healthy eating plan before pregnancy The food we eat on a daily basis affects how: our bodies work we heal and grow we maintain energy and strength Pregnancy is the one time in a woman’s life when her eating habits directly affect another person

15. Your Turn: Your Turn: Research using the internet on your phone Scenario: As a recently hired intern at a prenatal clinic, you are ask to assist a prenatal nutritionist. She requests that you to do some research to prepare for a meeting with a new client. She asks you to complete the following: Find three healthy food items that women should be eating while pregnant and why they are a healthy choice. Also, find three food items that women should avoid eating while pregnant and why they should not be eaten.

16. Nutrition During Pregnancy Reference Slides

17. Nutrition for Pregnancy: Protein Experts recommend 75 to 100 grams of protein per day. Protein in your foods positively affects the growth of fetal tissue, including the brain. It also helps your breast and uterine tissue to grow during pregnancy. It plays a helping part in your increasing blood supply. Examples of daily sources of protein: 2-3 servings of meat (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces/ size of a deck of cards) fully cooked fish or seafood liver chicken lean beef lamb pork nuts (1 serving = approximately ⅓ cup) tofu (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) 2-3 servings of legumes (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) split peas red and white kidney beans black beans navy beans black-eyed peas chick peas (garbanzo beans)

18. Pregnancy Nutrition: Calcium and Iron Pregnancy Nutrition: Calcium Daily requirement of calcium is around 1000 milligrams during pregnancy. Calcium helps your body regulate fluids, and it helps build your baby’s bones and tooth buds. Examples of daily sources of calcium: 3-4 servings of dairy milk (1 serving = 1 cup) eggs (1 serving = 1 large egg) yogurt (1 serving = 1cup) pasteurized cheese (1 serving = approximately 1.5 ounces/ or 4 playing dice stacked together) tofu (1 serving = ½ cup) white beans (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) almonds (1 serving = approximately ⅓ cup) salmon (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces) turnip greens (1 serving = approximately 1 cup) cabbage (1 serving = approximately 1 cup) Nutrition for Pregnancy: Iron In combination with sodium, potassium, and water, iron helps increase your blood volume and prevent anemia. A daily intake of 27 milligrams is ideal during pregnancy. Examples of daily sources of iron: 2-3 servings of green leafy vegetables (1 serving = approximately 1 cup) collard, turnip, spinach, lettuce, cabbage 3 servings of whole grains (1 serving = approximately. ½ cup or one slice) bread, cornmeal,cereal oatmeal 2-3 servings of lean protein (1 serving = approximately 3 ounces / size of a deck of cards) beef, seafood, poultry

19. Pregnancy Nutrition: Folate/Folic Acid and Vitamin C Nutrition for Pregnancy: Folate/Folic Acid Folic acid plays a key role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects, including spina bifida. Experts recommend 600 to 800 micrograms (.6 to.8 milligrams) daily. Examples of daily sources of folate: 2 servings of dark green leafy vegetables (1 serving = approximately 1 cup) Collard, turnip, spinach, lettuce, cabbage 2-3 servings of fruit (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) Orange, strawberry, lemon, mango, tomato, grapefruit, kiwi, melon 3 serving of whole grain (1 serving = approximately ½ cup or 1 slice) Bread, cornmeal, cereal, oatmeal 2 servings of legumes (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) split peas, red and white kidney beans, black beans, navy beans, black-eyed peas, chick peas (garbanzo beans) Nutrition for Pregnancy: Vitamin C Fruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin C will help with wound healing, tooth and bone development, and promotes metabolic processes. Experts recommend at least 85 milligrams per day. Examples of daily sources of Vitamin C: 3 servings of fruit or vegetables (1 serving = approximately ½ cup) Orange, strawberry, lemon, mango, tomato, grapefruit, kiwi, melon, potato, peppers

20. Food to Avoid During Pregnancy Raw meat Deli meat Fish with mercury Smoked seafood Fish exposed to industrial pollutants Raw shellfish Raw eggs Soft cheeses Unpasteurized milk Pate Unwashed vegetables Caffeine Alcohol