1. Curved Mirrors

2. Concave Mirrors
Mirrors that are a small portion of the inside of a sphere
The angle of incidence still equals the angle of reflection.
Called converging mirrors
The focal length (f) is one-half the radius (R).

3. Concave Mirrors
The image shown is real because the reflected rays actually pass through each other.
Virtual images only appear to come from a single point.
Object distance (p)
Image distance (q)
Object height (h)
Image height (h’)

4. Ray Tracing for a Concave Spherical Mirror
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

5. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
Image close to a concave mirror appear:
Larger than the object
Upright
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

6. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
Image far from a concave mirror appear:
Smaller than the object
Inverted or upside down
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

7. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
Another factor that influence image appearance is:
Curvature
R = radius of curvature or/ radius of the spherical mirror
C = center of curvature of the mirror
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

8. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
Image location can be found using the mirror equation:
(1/p) + (1/q) = (2/r)
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
Two kinds of images
Real- images that form in front of the mirror
Virtual- images that form behind the mirror
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

10. Concave Spherical Mirrors
4/16/2017 2:56 AM
Concave Spherical Mirrors
Another factor that influence image appearance is:
Curvature
R = radius of curvature or/ radius of the spherical mirror
C = center of curvature of the mirror
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

11. Concave Spherical Mirrors
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Concave Spherical Mirrors
The FOCAL POINT (F) is half way between the center of curvature and the mirrors surface
The distance to the focal point is the focal length (f)
(1/p) + (1/q) = (1/f)
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

12. Rules of the Mirror Equation
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Rules of the Mirror Equation
Real images form on the front side of the mirror
Virtual images form on the back side of the mirror
The mirror is drawn so the front side is on the left
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

13. Rules of the Mirror Equation
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Rules of the Mirror Equation
Positive numbers indicate the front side of the mirror
Negative numbers indicate the back side of the mirror
The principal axis runs through the center of the mirror
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

14. Rules of the Mirror Equation
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Rules of the Mirror Equation
Positive numbers are above the principal axis
Negative numbers are below the principal axis
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

15. Mirror Equation
h is positive if it is upright and negative when inverted.
M is positive for virtual (upright) images.

16. Magnification M is positive means the image is upright
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Magnification
M is positive means the image is upright
M is negative means the image is inverted
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

17. Concave Mirrors
These rules describe three rays that are easily drawn without the need to measure angles.
Others can be drawn after the image point is located using at least two of these rays.

18. Concave Mirrors
Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright? Larger than or smaller than or equal to the object in size?

19. Concave Mirrors
Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright? Larger than or smaller than or equal to the object in size?

20. Concave Mirrors
Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright? Larger than or smaller than or equal to the object in size?

21. Concave Mirrors
Is the image real or virtual? Inverted or upright? Larger than or smaller than or equal to the object in size?

22. Convex Mirrors
Called a diverging mirror because rays are spread out by the mirror
Image is always virtual and smaller than the object.

23. Convex Mirrors Used as side-view mirrors on cars
What warning is written on these mirrors? Why?
Images are small so they appear to be farther away.
Also used in stores to monitor shoppers
Equations are the same as those for concave mirrors.

24. Ray Tracing for a Convex Spherical Mirror
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept

25. Practice Problem
A concave makeup mirror is designed so that a person 25.0 cm in front of it sees an upright image at a distance of 50.0 cm behind the mirror. What is the radius of curvature of the mirror? What is the magnification of the mirror? Is the image real or virtual?

26. Practice Problem
A concave shaving mirror has a focal length of 33 cm. Calculate the position of a cologne bottle placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 93 cm. Calculate the magnification of the image. Is the image upright or inverted? Is the image real or virtual? Draw a ray diagram.

27. Practice Problem
A pen in placed 11.0 cm from a concave mirror produces a real image of 13.2 cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror? Calculate the magnification of the image. If the pen is placed 27.0 cm from the mirror, what is the new position of the image? What is the magnification of the new image? Is the image upright or inverted? Is the image real or virtual? Draw a ray diagram.

28. Practice Problem
A convex mirror with a radius of curvature of 0.550m is placed above the aisle in a store. Determine the image distance and magnification of a customer lying on the floor 3.1m below the mirror. Is the image virtual or real? Is the image inverted or upright?

29. Practice Problem
A spherical glass ornament is 6.00 cm in diameter. If an object is placed 10.5 cm from the ornament, where will its image form? What is the magnification? Is the image virtual or real? Is the image inverted or upright? Draw a diagram.

30. Practice Problem
What is the image distance for an automobile 5.5m in front of a convex mirror with a 0.25m focal length? What is the magnification? Is the image virtual or real? Is the image inverted or upright? Draw a diagram.

31. Practice Problem
A soda bottle is placed 44cm from a convex mirror. If the mirror’s focal length is 33 cm, how far from the mirror’s surfaced does the bottle’s image form? What is the magnification? Is the image virtual or real? Is the image inverted or upright? Draw a diagram.

32. Parabolic Mirrors
With spherical mirrors, rays not near the principal axis do not all meet at the image point.
Parabolic mirrors eliminate this problem and produce sharper images.

33. Parabolic Mirrors & Spherical Aberration
Using rays near the axis on spherical mirrors reduces the aberration or blurriness of the image.
A very small section of a sphere is nearly identical to a paraboloid.
Parabolic mirrors are used in telescopes to sharpen the image.

34. Reflecting Telescope Click below to watch the Visual Concept.