1. Rudimentary Movements n First forms of voluntary movement n Sequential, predictable, universal

2. n Related to increased motor control and movement

3. Categories of Rudimentary Skills n Stability

4. Head Control n End of 1 st month: –conscious control over head & neck visible –5 months- muscular control of head =good

5. Body Control n 2 months= head and chest elevation –After chest elev. Attempts at rolling –6 months - rolling leads to crawling

6. n Rolling - first attempts are “rigid” –then segmental-head, shoulders, trunk, hips –8 months - rolls front to back/back to front

7. Upright postures n Frees hands for reaching, grasping n Sitting: –as early as 3 mo.- assisted –5 mo. -with little support

8. n May still lean forward due to lumbar control n 7 months - self supported position n 8 months - without assistance

9. STANDING n Standing postures

10. –Infant needs support –Has wide base of support –High guard position –by 1 yr = standing unassisted

11. Locomotion n Locomotion

12. Prone Locomotion n Crawling(around 6 mo) –before creeping –child “drags” body – Homolateral pattern- “commando crawl” –less mature

13. n Creeping – around 7 - 9 mo. –Efficient movement –arms/legs move in opposition –Trunk raised off floor

14. n Upright locomotion –walking - end product of movement progressions –as early as 8 months –at 10 months with less support/ 12 mo. - alone

15. Manipulation Manipulation n Manipulation

16. n Reaching, grasping, releasing

17. –Around 5 to 6 months wrist, finger, hand control increased –18 mo. May release objects

18. Early Movement/Cognitive Programs

19. Effects of Programs n Why are more parents participating in early movement/ enrichment programs? n Can there be negative aspects to such programs?

20. n What role does socioeconomic status have to do with participation?

21. Head Start n What do you know about Head Start? n Johnson Administration n Focus is for financially disadvantaged n Poverty is cyclic n Comprehensive Program(B-5)

22. Focus of Head Start n Increasing school readiness n Nurture n Parents/ Medical n Diversity

23. Swimming Programs n What reasoning might some parents have in enrolling their infants in such a program? n Findings are conflicting

24. n Benefits: n Controversial Aspects:

25. n Problems with Swim Programs –Health related issues

26. Stimulation Programs For At-risk Infants n Infant connecting with parents n Developing the total child pays n Nurturing environments help kids n Long term programs are beneficial