1. Code for diagrams Types of Lines: Solid Lines = Light Rays Dashed Lines = Virtual Rays Dotted Lines = Guide lines (not a ray) Colors: Blue = Incident Light Rays Red = Reflected Light Rays Green = Virtual Rays Other: Empty Block Arrow = Object Filled Block Arrow = Image On the back of Page 1

2. Rules for Mirror Diagrams Always follow the Law of Reflection: – Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection 2 Rays are required to prove the image exists: – Ray 1: Start at the top of the object and draw a ray to the mirror that is parallel to the normal. Reflect from the mirror through the focal point. – Ray 2: If possible*, start at the top of the object and draw a ray through the focal point to the mirror. Reflect from the mirror with a ray that is parallel to the normal.

3. Explanation of Images Real or Virtual? – If reflected light converges (meets together), a REAL image is formed – If reflected light diverges (spreads apart), a VIRTUAL image is formed – If reflected light is parallel, no image is formed. Upright or Inverted? – If the reflected rays cross above the normal, image is UPRIGHT. – If reflected rays cross below the normal, image is INVERTED. Reduced, Same Size, or Enlarged? – If the image formed is shorter than the original, it is REDUCED. – If the image formed is the same height as the original, it is SAME SIZE. – If the image formed is taller than the original, it is ENLARGED.

4. Concave mirror with object beyond the center of curvature C = center of curvature = the radius of the curve F = focal point = half of the radius Put two small dots on the principal axis just above the letters C and F

5. DO NOT PRINT THE NEXT 6 SLIDES!

6. Concave mirror with object beyond the center of curvature Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect through the focal point Start from the top of the object, pass through the focal point and aim for the mirror Reflect parallel to the the principle axis A REAL image forms where the reflected rays intersect Image formed is: Real Inverted Reduced Image formed is: Real Inverted Reduced

7. Concave mirror with object at the center of curvature Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect through the focal point Start from the top of the object, pass through the focal point and aim for the mirror Reflect parallel to the the principle axis A REAL image forms where the reflected rays intersect Image formed is: Real Inverted Same Size Image formed is: Real Inverted Same Size

8. Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect through the focal point Start from the top of the object, pass through the focal point and aim for the mirror Reflect parallel to the the principle axis A REAL image forms where the reflected rays intersect Image formed is: Real Inverted Enlarged Image formed is: Real Inverted Enlarged Concave mirror with object b/n the focal point and the center of curvature

9. Concave mirror with object at focal point Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect through the focal point The normal second ray cannot be drawn because you cannot go through the focal point and still hit the mirror Start from the top of the object and aim for the point where the principle axis meets the mirror The reflected ray follows the Law of reflection with an angle equal to the angle of incidence The reflected rays will never cross because they are parallel No image formed: Results in a complete blur No image formed: Results in a complete blur

10. Concave Mirror with object between focal point and mirror Start from the top of the object, guide from the focal point and aim for the mirror Reflect parallel to the the principle axis Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect through the focal point As you can see, the reflected rays do not cross. That means that no REAL image forms Extend virtual lines behind the mirror from the reflected rays. A VIRTUAL image forms where the virtual rays intersect Image formed is: Virtual Upright Enlarged Image formed is: Virtual Upright Enlarged

11. Convex Mirror (object anywhere) Start from the top of the object, travel parallel to the principle axis and aim for the mirror Reflect using the focal point as a guide. The red is reflected light and the dashed green is the virtual ray that passes through the focal point. Start from the top of the object, guide from the focal point and aim for the mirror Reflect parallel to the the principle axis and draw the virtual ray behind the mirror A VIRTUAL image forms where the virtual rays intersect Image formed is: Virtual Upright Reduced Image formed is: Virtual Upright Reduced

12. The following 6 slides can by printed (in color) and used as a key to practice the drawings.

13. Concave mirror with object beyond the center of curvature Image formed is: Real Inverted Reduced Image formed is: Real Inverted Reduced

14. Concave mirror with object at the center of curvature Image formed is: Real Inverted Same Size Image formed is: Real Inverted Same Size

15. Image formed is: Real Inverted Enlarged Image formed is: Real Inverted Enlarged Concave mirror with object b/n the focal point and the center of curvature

16. Concave mirror with object at focal point No image formed: Results in a complete blur No image formed: Results in a complete blur

17. Concave Mirror with object between focal point and mirror Image formed is: Virtual Upright Enlarged Image formed is: Virtual Upright Enlarged

18. Convex Mirror (object anywhere) Image formed is: Virtual Upright Reduced Image formed is: Virtual Upright Reduced