2. Big Question: What more than anything shaped the lives of early humans???

3. PPrehistory: HHominid: AAnthropologist: PPaleontologist: AArchaeologist: AArtifact: CCarbon Dating: CCulture: TTechnology:

4. 1.Australopithecus: 2.Homo Habilis: 3.Homo Erectus: 4.Homo Sapiens/Neanderthal 5.Homo Sapiens/Sapiens-CroMagnon

5.  Time Period and Location  4 million to 1 million BCE  Primarily found in East Africa

6.  Appearance  Brain 1/3 size of modern humans  Long arms, but humanlike legs. Walked upright  Capabilities and Skills  Bipedal: walked on two feet  Small social groups  Nomadic: travelled from place to place in search of food

7.  When:  Where:  What:  Who discovered her? http://science.discovery.com/videos/100- greatest-discoveries-shorts-lucy.html

8. Pictures from the museum in Ethiopia January 2011

10.  Also known as “Handy Man”  Time Period and Location  2.5-1.5 million BCE  Africa  Fossil Discoveries  Various pieces found around Africa from 1959 on  1987: partial skeleton discovered by Johanson

11.  Appearance  Face like AA, but larger brain  Apelike arms  Capabilities and Skills  Scavenger: gathered plants and ate meat  First to use stone tools  Cut meat and crack bones

13.  Time Period and Location  1.6 million-30,000 BCE  Asia, Africa, Europe  Fossil Discoveries  Various discoveries in Asia and Africa throughout 20 th century

14.  Also known as “Upright Man”  Appearance  Large brain  Fully upright stance  Capabilities and Skills  Developed new ways of using tools  Digging, scraping  First group to control/use FIRE  First thought to create spoken/oral language

15.  Time Period and Location  100,000 to 400,000 yrs ago  Europe, western Asia and the Near East  Fossil Discoveries  First hominid skeletons found extensively in Europe (Germany, France)

16.  Appearance  Brain larger than modern humans  Stocky and short-limbed  Capabilities and skills  Hunters and gatherers  Sophisticated tools (stone knives, spears)  Fire for protection and cooking  Burials for the dead  Nomadic

17.  Time Period and Location  100,000 yrs ago to the present  Over time—all around the world  Fossil Discoveries  1860s: First discovered in France  First early modern human

18.  Appearance  Large brain  Relatively slender bones  Skills  Hunters and gatherers  Men: meat  Women: berries  Advanced tools using bone, antler, and ivy  Nomadic  Cave paintings

19. http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_02.xml

20. 1.Paleolithic: Old stone age 2.5 million years ago-12,000 BCE 2.Neolithic: New stone age 8,000BCE- 5,000BCE 1.When:2 million years ago 2.Effects:: As we get more ice the oceans begin to sink. As the oceans sink land is exposed. This created 4 large land bridges: 1.Japan and Korea were connected 2.Great Britain and Ireland were connected to Europe 3.Malay Peninsula-Indonesian Islands and Australia were connected 4.Asia and North America were connected 3.Human Responses: (1) migration to warmer places (2) new ideas for keeping warm, fire, clothes (3) none=death!

21. --begins with the start of Early Man 1. People were nomadic 2. Invention of the first tools 3. Learned how to make fire 4. Lived in clans 5. Developed oral language 6. Created “cave art”

22.  What major advancement by man led to the advancement of civilization?  Settled agriculture  How did it happen?  Warmer climates led to more crop growth  Why did it help man?  Agriculture led to permanent settlements STOP: North turn to South – explain this! South turn to North – what else may happen?

23. Definition: Began about 10,000 years ago (8,000 BCE) 1. Developed agriculture 2. Domesticated animals Domesticated 3. Used advanced tools 4. Made pottery 5. Developed weaving skills Çatalhöyük: Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia (modern Turkey)

24. CHANGE Social Consequence People lived in one place and no longer carried all possessions (A) Villages, towns, and eventually cities develop. (B) People who could afford material goods begin to accumulate them Farmers could grow more food than they needed (A) People could do other jobs (specialization of labor) (B) Trade develops between areas. Land and water became valuable economic resources Warfare develops Male warriors competed for land, water, and power. Women lost power they had in hunter-gatherer societies to male warriors who could protect them, their children and possessions.

25. 1.First village … that we have discovered. Probably had around 200 people or so. 2.Jericho began around… 8000 BCE in the West Bank region. Fertile land and abundant water 3.Catal Huyuk began around… 7000-6300 BCE in Turkey. Possibly housed up to 6,000 people. Houses were windowless and had flat roofs. WHY?

26. 1.Plow: domesticated oxen to plow 2.Fertilizer: ashes, fish, manure 3.Loom: weaving: linen and wool 4.Wheel: transportation 5.Baked clay bricks: construction 6.Calendars: measure seasons for planting

27. Definition: 1.Cities: grew out of Neolithic farming villages in river valleys where resources were close enough to allow development 2.Governments: (1) to organize defense (2) to make laws to regulate behavior and (3) to supervise construction of public buildings and projects 3.Religion: to explain the workings of nature and the reasons for existence (2) often used by the rulers to justify their decisions 4.Family: provides new membership 5.Economy: Provides GOODS and SERVICES (2) New Social Structure based on Economic Power develops: (1) Monarchs, priests, government officials, warriors (2) farmers, artisans and craftspeople (3) slaves 6.Education: (1) train new members (2) writing develops: primarily for record keeping