1. Basic Elements of Speech- making

2. The Five Canons of Rhetoric

3. The Five Canons of Rhetoric (aka Steps in the Process)

4. Invention Arrangement Style Memory Delivery

5. The Five Canons of Rhetoric (aka Steps in the Process) Invention: Finding things to say Arrangement: Organizing the writing Style: Making it beautiful with artful language Memory: Rehearsing and preparing for spontaneity and responsibility Delivery: Using the voice and body in the moment

6. Invention: Finding things to say

7. Invention: Finding things to Say

8. Specific purpose: What you hope to accomplish in the speech for the audience.

9. Invention: Finding things to Say Specific purpose: What you hope to accomplish in the speech for the audience. Example: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument.

10. Invention: Finding things to Say Brain storm: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument.

11. Invention: Finding things to Say Brain storm: To persuade my audience to learn to play a musical instrument. Fun, social interactions, relaxation, discipline, helps improve memory and attention, joy of learning, learn about art, learn about history, potentially career opportunities, overcome stage fright, physical rehab from injuries, alternative to other less productive habits

12. Invention: Finding things to Say Organize your initial inventions into categories which can form main points/arguments

13. Invention: Finding things to Say Organize your initial inventions into categories which can form main points/arguments: 1.Cognitive benefits 2.Emotional benefits 3.Social benefits

14. Invention: Finding things to Say Produce a thesis or central idea by summarizing the main points:

15. Invention: Finding things to Say Produce a thesis or central idea by summarizing the main points: Central idea: You should consider learning a musical instrument because of the cognitive, emotional, and social benefits.

16. Invention: Finding things to Say

17. Reasoned Argument (logos)

18. Invention: Finding things to Say Reasoned Argument (logos) Emotional Appeals (pathos)

19. Invention: Finding things to Say Reasoned Argument (logos) Emotional Appeals (pathos) Appeals to character, values, or ways of life (ethos)

20. Invention: Finding things to Say Aristotle calls these “artistic elements/proofs” Reasoned Argument (logos) Emotional Appeals (pathos) Appeals to character, values, or ways of life (ethos)

21. Invention: Finding things to Say Data Statistics Quotations from experts Testimony from witnesses Other facts, laws, and important information

22. Invention: Finding things to Say Aristotle calls these “inartistic proofs” Data Statistics Quotations from experts Testimony from witnesses Other facts, laws, and important information

23. Arrangement

24. Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion)

25. Arrangement Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion) Main points should be distinct, comprehensive, and they should “add up to” the thesis.

26. Arrangement Make sure each main point is well developed (with its own introduction, development, and conclusion) Main points should be distinct, comprehensive, and they should “add up to” the thesis. Link your points with transitions that summarize and preview: (“Now that I’ve told you about X, next I will tell you about Y.)

27. Arrangement Introductions need:

28. Arrangement Introductions need: 1. Grab the attention from the first line

29. Arrangement Introductions need: 1.Grab the attention from the first line 2.Reveal the topic in a line or two

30. Arrangement Introductions need: 1.Grab the attention from the first line 2.Reveal the topic in a line or two 3.Establish your credibility

31. Arrangement Introductions need: 1.Grab the attention from the first line 2.Reveal the topic in a line or two 3.Establish your credibility 4.Culminate in your thesis

32. Arrangement Conclusions need:

33. Arrangement Conclusions need: 1.Signal the end of the speech has arrived

34. Arrangement Conclusions need: 1.Signal the end of the speech has arrived 2.Summarize and reiterate the main ideas

35. Arrangement Conclusions need: 1.Signal the end of the speech has arrived 2.Summarize and reiterate the main ideas 3.Amplify the significance of the speech for this audience in this time and place.

36. Arrangement Conclusions need: 1.Signal the end of the speech has arrived 2.Summarize and reiterate the main ideas 3.Amplify the significance of the speech for this audience in this time and place. 4.End with a meaningful last line.

37. Style

38. Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness.

39. Style Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness. Write for the ear…not the eye.

40. Style Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness. Write for the ear…not the eye. Read your work ALOUD.

41. Style Aristotle argues that the two most important stylistic virtues in public speaking are clarity and appropriateness. Write for the ear…not the eye. Read your work ALOUD. Avoid phrasing that might be distracting, too ambiguous, or bad for your ethos (e.g. gendered language, slang, etc.)

42. Memory

43. Rehearse the ideas of the speech, rather than the specific wording.

44. Memory Rehearse the ideas of the speech, rather than the specific wording. Rehearse success (don’t rehearse failure…)

45. Delivery

47. BREATHE

48. Delivery Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures

49. Delivery Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures Voice: Appropriate rate, pitch, volume, pauses

50. Delivery Body: alert upright posture, relaxed arms and hands, meaningful gestures Voice: Appropriate rate, pitch, volume, pauses Eyes: Panoramic and intimate