1. Telescope Functions 1Gather Light

2. Gather Light 9x How much more light does the bigger telescope gather? r2r2

3. Telescope Functions eye Galileo’s telescope large amateur Mount Laguna space telescope Keck

4. Telescope Functions eye Galileo’s telescope large amateur Mount Laguna space telescope Keck 1/4”2”8”21”100”400”

5. Telescope Functions eye Galileo’s telescope large amateur Mount Laguna space telescope Keck 1/4”2”8”21”100”400” 16410247056 160,000 2,560,000

6. Telescope Functions 1Gather Lightr 2 2Resolution

7. Resolution

8. 1Gather Lightr 2 2Resolution  = A = aperture Telescope Functions  A

9. Resolution eye Galileo’s telescope large amateur Mount Laguna space telescope Keck 1/4”2”8”21”100”400” 16410247056 160,000 2,560,000 11/81/321/841/4001/1600

10. 1Gather Lightr 2 2Resolution  = 3Magnification Telescope Functions  A

12. Refraction fast slow fast smooth carpeted smooth

13. Refraction fast slow fast

14. Refraction fast slow

15. Refractors

16. Focus

17. Refractors

18. Reflectors

19. Central Obstruction 12” Refractor12” Reflector Which gathers more light?

20. tight space room moves around drinks spill

21. very high

22. closer to ground shorter telescope smaller dome

23. Nazysmith multiple instruments easily changed at a moments notice # depends on size of instruments and size of telescope

24. focus always in the same place one heavy instrument

25. Telescope Functions 1Gather Light 2Resolution 3Magnification

26. Resolution size chromatic aberration spherical aberration seeing

27. Chromatic Aberration

28. Acromats Reduce Chromatic Aberration

30. Spherical Aberration

31. Parabolic Mirror

32. Seeing

34. warm surface heats air hot air rises causes stars to twinkle mountaintop observatory above inversion layer no heat sources in observatory

35. Seeing Which is warmer on a sunny day, air or water? Since air is warmer, how can cold water warm air? stable air over water during day daytime observatories surrounded by water solar observatory

36. Seeing

37. Which is warmer at night, air or water? Solar observatories are terrible for nighttime use. seeing/time beach cruise

38. Resolution seeing adaptive optics

39. Refractor Reflector gathers more light chromatic aberration acromats very expensive shorter smaller housing spherical aberration parabolic mirrors still cheaper UV astronomy adaptive optics

40. Telescope Mount / Resolution altitude-azimuth stability equatorial tracking

41. Alt-Az

45. Equatorial

53. EquatorialAlt-Az

54. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A

55. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light radio

56. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light500nm radio

57. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light500nm radio20cm

58. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light500nm1/4” radio20cm

59. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light.00005cm.635cm radio20cm

60. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light.00005cm.635cm radio20cm 254,000cm

61. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light.00005cm.635cm radio20cm 2.54km

62. Radio Telescopes resolution  =  A A light.00005cm.635cm radio20cm1.6mi

64. Radio Telescopes arrays interferometry

65. Radio Telescopes arrays

68. Instrumentation image spectrum brightness

69. Image photochemical digital

70. Photochemical glass plates exposure time processing time scanning time dark room chemicals disposal archives

71. Digital CCD Charge Coupled Device single chip exposure time download time liquid nitrogen archives maintenance

72. Spectrum Take Notes at Telescope Record Image Analyze Image Later

73. Brightness Hipparchus magnitude 1 2 3 4 5 6 -27 30 logarithmic Five magnitudes lower means one hundred times as bright. brighter than 1 st fainter than 6 th

74. Photometer

76. Light Pollution

77. Photometer

78. CCD