1. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Passive Treatment Systems Dave Crombie Appropriate Technologies Conference 3 & 4 September 2007

2. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Naturally Occurring Biological Systems Biological population Food source Oxygen Energy Sanitation – Nature’s Way

3. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Nature’s Way

4. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Rural densification / urbanisation Need for Formalised Sanitation

5. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Man’s Modifications to Nature’s Way Dry Systems Buckets to trenches / ponds Ventilated Pit Latrine Dry “Eco” Sanitation Water Borne Systems Septic Tanks Oxidation Ponds Reedbeds Maturation Ponds

6. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Dry Systems Bucket System

7. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Dry Systems VIP

8. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Dry Systems Dry Sanitation Systems

9. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Dry Systems Dry Sanitation Systems

10. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet / Dry Systems “Eco” Sanitation Systems

11. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Septic Tanks

12. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Septic Tanks

13. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Septic Tanks

14. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Septic Tanks

15. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Septic Tanks

16. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

17. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

18. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

19. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

20. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

21. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Oxidation Ponds

22. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Reedbeds

23. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Reedbeds

24. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Reedbeds / Wetlands

25. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Wet Systems Maturation Ponds

26. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Passive ??? Sanitation Systems Biological systems will always develop on their own – food, oxygen, energy The effect on the environment increases with more intense human development, with more sophisticated systems required Dry “Eco” sanitation is interesting because the systems are simple, reliable, but suffer the perception of being different to conventional water born systems. Oxidation ponds, and wetland systems have limited application due to the large areas required, and variable long term performance. Maturation ponds should not be discarded without very careful consideration.

27. Simple Technologies Passive Sanitation Systems Dave Crombie Passive ??? Sanitation Systems