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Beaver - 2006 Small Ruminant Production Systems Stephan Wildeus Virginia State University.

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Presentation on theme: "Beaver - 2006 Small Ruminant Production Systems Stephan Wildeus Virginia State University."— Presentation transcript:

1 Beaver - 2006 Small Ruminant Production Systems Stephan Wildeus Virginia State University

2 Beaver - 2006 Breed Resource Evaluation at Virginia State University  Species comparison of meat goat and hair sheep breeds  Evaluation of breed types within species Goats: Nubian, Spanish, Myotonic, Pygmy, Boer x Spanish, and Boer and Kiko terminal sire kids Sheep: Barbados Blackbelly, Katadhin, St. Croix

3 Beaver - 2006 Program history  Initiated as Meat Goat Program in 1992  Changed to Small Ruminant Program 1997 introduced breeding flocks of Katahdin in 1997 Barbados Blackbelly in 1998 St. Croix hair sheep in 1999  Emphasis on breed evaluation and forage- based, low-input production systems

4 Beaver - 2006 Animal resources : hair sheep Katahdin Barbados Blackbelly St. Croix

5 Beaver - 2006 Animal resources : goats Boer cross Myotonic Pygmy Spanish

6 Reproductive performance in goats

7 Beaver - 2006 Kidding performance of goat breeds under a forage- based, accelerated mating system (1996-2000) MyotonicNubianSpanish Pregnancy rate, %66.176.579.9 Kids born/doe kidding1.761.901.69 Kids weaned/doe kidding1.281.011.32

8 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on pregnancy rate in meat goat breeds

9 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on prolificacy in meat goats during two breeding cycles Cycle 1 Cycle 2

10 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on pregnancy rate in meat goat breeds

11 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on prolificacy in meat goats during two breeding cycles Cycle 1 Cycle 2

12 Reproductive performance in hair sheep

13 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on pregnancy rate in hair sheep breeds

14 Beaver - 2006 Effect of season and breed on pregnancy, lambing and weaning rate in hair sheep breeds Blackbelly Katahdin St. Croix

15 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breeding season on prolificacy in hair sheep

16 Beaver - 2006 Effect of production cycle on pregnancy rates

17 Beaver - 2006 Effect of production cycle on lamb weaned as % ewe body weight

18 Beaver - 2006 Estimated annualized performance under accelerated mating BBKASC lambs born/ewe lambing/yr2.362.492.77 lambs weaned/ewe lambing/yr2.042.122.33 % litter wt. weaned/yr63.063.261.7

19 Beaver - 2006 Effect of season on pregnancy rate of replacement ewes  Reduced pregnancy rates in 11 mo old replacement ewes in July and March Nov Jul Mar Nov

20 Beaver - 2006 Forage-based feeding trials at VSU

21 Beaver - 2006 Daily gain (lbs/d) in Spanish and Boer goats fed alfalfa hay diets in two different trials alfalfagrass Spanish, 7 mo, conc. @1.5% BW, 16.8% CP, 102 days 0.3020.172 Boer, 10 mo, conc. @1% BW, 15.2% CP, 84 days 0.3480.262

22 Beaver - 2006 Forage DMI in goats and hair sheep pen-fed fescue hay and 2% BW concentrate

23 Beaver - 2006 Body weight and daily gain in goats and hair sheep fed fescue hay and concentrate (2% BW) GoatSheep Starting wt, lb36.647.8 Final wt, lb73.999.9 Daily gain, lb0.2360.320

24 Beaver - 2006 Live grade and ultrasonic backfat and rib eye in goats and hair sheep fed high forage diets GoatSheep Live gradeChoice 0Choice 30 Backfat, cm0.180.42 Rib eye area, cm 2 8.5811.39

25 Beaver - 2006 Nutritional quality of hay types and forage intake (Trial 2) AlfalfaFescue % protein16.313.5 % NDF51.056.1 % ADF36.137.9 % IVOMD55.245.2

26 Beaver - 2006 Growth rates of hair sheep lambs and meat goats kids fed alfalfa and grass hay (Trial 2)

27 Beaver - 2006 Starting and final weights, and daily gain in goats and hair sheep fed forage-based diets (Trial 2) GoatSheep alfalfagrassalfalfagrass Starting wt, lb31.729.851.449.6 Final wt, lb58.448.790.682.7 Daily gain, lb0.2710.1940.4010.324 Live grade Choice 40 Choice 20 Prime 40 Prime 20

28 Beaver - 2006 Trial A  36 weaned ewe and wether lambs (12/breed)  Fescue pasture; alfalfa hay  Hay group: 6 pens; 3 animal/pen balanced by breed  0.75% body wt concentrate supplement

29 Beaver - 2006 Trial B  72 weaned ewe and wether lambs (24/breed);  Fescue pasture; mixed grass hay  Hay group: 6 pens balanced by breed  Concentrate supplementation at 1.5% body wt  Two levels of protein in concentrate (16.8% vs. 24.3%)

30 Beaver - 2006 Nutritional quality of pasture and hay Pasture Alfalfa hay Grass hay % Crude protein12-1716.615.1 % NDF66-6960.367.6 % ADF36-3845.236.7 % IVOMD34-6057.654.2

31 Beaver - 2006 Body weight changes in three hair sheep breeds reared on pasture or in pens (Trial A) BB: 0.12 lb/d KA: 0.19 lb/d STX: 0.17 lb/d

32 Beaver - 2006 Carcass characteristics in three hair sheep breeds after forage feeding BlackbellyKatahdinSt. Croix Backfat, cm0.1710.4490.241 REA, cm 2 10.712.19.1 Yield grade1.072.151.34 Quality grade9.611.210.1

33 Beaver - 2006 Body weight changes in three hair sheep breeds reared on pasture or in pens (Trial B) BB: 0.16 lb/d KA: 0.24 lb/d STX: 0.19 lb/d

34 Beaver - 2006 Body weight, growth and DM intake in lambs fed alfalfa hay (17.6% CP) with no supplement BBKASC Starting wt. (lb)52.480.564.2 Final wt. (lb)64.498.680.5 Daily gain (lb/d)0.1920.2890.259 Intake (% body wt.)3.312.933.10 Feed : gain10.539.118.73

35 Beaver - 2006 Nitrogen use efficiency in lambs fed alfalfa hay BBKASC N intake (g/d)24.133.625.5 Absorbed N (% N intake) 67.772.369.4 Retained N (% N intake) 11.316.18.9

36 Beaver - 2006 Growth of terminal sire Boer and Kiko crossbred kids

37 Beaver - 2006 Performance of terminal sire kids pen-fed grass hay diets supplement levelsire breeddam breed 2%3%BoerKikoMyotonicSpanish Initial wt, kg 15.115.015.814.314.715.4 Final wt, kg 25.0 b 28.4 a 27.026.425.827.6 ADG, g/d101 b 137 a 114122113124 Live grade Choice 23 Choice 30 Choice 34 d Choice 18 c Choice 34 d Choice 18 c a,b values with unlike superscripts in same row within main category differ (P<.001). c,d values with unlike superscripts in same row within main category differ (P<.05).

38 Beaver - 2006 Forage and total DMI of crossbred kids

39 Beaver - 2006 Gastrointestinal Parasitism

40 Beaver - 2006 Species differences in goats and hair sheep in mean FEC and PCV during the grazing season 1 goatssheepP FEC, eggs/g669376.001 PCV, %26.531.9.001 Deworming int., d32143.001 1 animals were dewormed at FEC composites of 1000 egp

41 Beaver - 2006 Breed differences in goats and hair sheep in mean FEC and PCV during the grazing season 1 MyotonicNubianPygmySpanish FEC, eggs/g412 b 1035 a 359 b 865 a PCV, %26.4 b 28.4 a 25.5 c 25.8 bc Deworming int., d 44 a 26 d 32 b 27 c 1 animals were dewormed at FEC composites of 1000 egp

42 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breed and feeding system on changes in fecal egg counts in lambs (2001 data) deworm breed x feeding system P<.05

43 Beaver - 2006 Effect of breed and feeding system on changes in packed blood cell volume (2001 data) deworm breed P<.01; feeding system P<.01

44 Beaver - 2006 Worm burden in three hair sheep breeds reared in pasture or in pens (2001 data) Abomasum H contortus Small intestine Trichostrongyle spp. Breed Blackbelly Katahdin St. Croix 451 316 115 139 568 144 Management Pasture Pen 239 349 413 154 a,b values within main effect with unlike superscripts differ (P<0.05)

45 Beaver - 2006 Changes in fecal egg count in three hair sheep breeds reared on pasture or in pens (2003 data)

46 Beaver - 2006 Changes in packed cell volume in three hair sheep breeds reared on pasture or in pens (2003 data)

47 Beaver - 2006 Worm burden in three hair sheep breeds reared in pasture or in pens (2003 data) Abomasum H contortus Small intestine Trichostrongyle spp. Breed Blackbelly Katahdin St. Croix 240 233 160 92 119 98 Management Pasture Pen 310 a 112 b 131 a 74 b a,b values within main effect with unlike superscripts differ (P<0.05)

48 Beaver - 2006

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