1. The Origins Of Domestication

2. History Of Domestication
It is believed that the first attempt in domestication happens by people in the Mesolithic period (18000 B.C – 9500 B.C).
The first livestock that ever been domesticated are sheep, goat, cow and pig. These animals are domesticated around B.C to 8000 B.C in western Asia (pastoralism).
The availability of domesticated animal and livestock increase during the voyages of Christopher Columbus as well the continent of western and eastern hemispheres. This called as the “Columbian Exchange”.

3. The Term of Domestication
Domestication implies to different species of animals as well as plants.
It is to tame and to maintain it from its wild nature.
It is a fact that not all animal can be tame or domesticated.
To achieve domestication, humans unintentionally altered the composite behavior of the animal and control its breeding and living patterns. This process goes on for generations.
According to Darwin’s theory, domestication is also viewed as a process of evolution.

4. Six Criteria of Consideration for Domestication
Flexible diet : The tamed animal is willing to consume a wide variety of food and live less on cumulative food.
Reasonable fast growth rate: Matures fast than human lifespan that allows breeding intervention and acceptable for caretaking.
Ability to bred in captivity: Inability may lead to producing defected offspring.
Pleasant disposition: Not aggressive.
Calm temperament: Not easily panic.
Modifiable social hierarchy: Able to recognize humans as the dominant pack leader.

5. Cow Wild Auroch Bull Scientific Name : Bos Taurus
Originated From: Wild Auroch Bull
Time : 8000 B.C – 6000 B.C
Location : Southwest of Turkey
Wild Auroch, which stood 6 feet tall, altered into smaller stature through poor winter feed, selective breeding and limited grazing area.
Cows are prized for their milk, hide, fat, dung and meat.
Wild Auroch Bull

6. Sheep Uriel Sheep Scientific Name :Ovis orientalis aries
Originated From : Urial Sheep
Time : 9000 B.C – 8000 B.C
Place :Levant and Asia
Sheep is domesticated for their milk, meat, dung, sinew , bone and wool.
Humans chose this animal for its hardiness towards poor grazing land and the endurance of weather all year round.
Uriel Sheep

7. Goat Wild Bezoar goat Scientific Name : Capra aegagrus hircus
Originated From : Wild Bezoar goat
Time :8000 B.C
Place : Zargos Mountains of
Iran and Indian
Subcontinent.
Neolithic farmers kept them for their easy access to milk, meat and dung. Meanwhile, bones and hair were used for construction as well as clothing.
Goat hide has been used for storing water and wine.
Easy to keep as they will eat almost anything and able to digest any organic substance into nutrients.
Wild Bezoar goat

8. Chicken Scientific Name : G. gallus Domesticus
Originated From : Grey jungle fowl
Time : 6000 B.C
Place : India and Vietnam
Humans keep chickens for their meat and eggs. Chickens are domestic animals from Lapita culture, 1st Neolithic culture of Oceania.
As in Asia, chickens are kept for ornamental purposes and sport.
In ancient Greece, chicken is a prestigious food.
Grey jungle fowl

9. Pig Scientific Name : Sus scrofa Originated From: Wild Boar
Time : 9000 B.C
Place : Near East, China
Pigs are highly adapt to all environments. Pigs can consume anything and reproduction rate is high.
The entire animal is edible, produces leather and bristles for brushes at that time.
Easy to domesticate because of its flexible diet.
Wild Boar

10. Duck Mallard Duck Scientific Name : Anas platyrhynchos
Originated From : Mallard duck and
Muscovy duck
Time : 4000 B.C
Place : China
Kept for their meat, eggs and feathers. Some are kept for Foie gras industry.
In Asia, ducks are kept as ornamental pets as some breeds tend to have striking crests or plumage.
In Vietnam, duck blood is used in Tiet Canh, a traditional Vietnamese dish.
Muscovy Duck

11. Other Breeds of Cow Abondance Gelbvieh Montbeliarde Holstein Salers
N’Dama

12. Other Breeds of Sheep New Zealand’s Merino Awassi lamb
Barbados Blackbelly
Blackhead Persian
Coopworth
Lincoln Longwool

13. Other Breeds of Goat
Boer Goat
Angora
Cashmere
La Mancha
Toggenburg

14. Other Breeds of Chicken
Dark Cornish
Ameraucana
Leghorn
Bantam
Easter Egger

15. Other Breeds of Pig
Pot-bellied pig
Berkshire
Tamworth
Chester white

16. Other Breeds of Duck Pekin Duck Indian Runner Silver Appleyard Cayuga
Saxony