1. Ecosystem Management

2. Dartmoor National Park, England

3. Chalk Grassland

7. Aldo Leopold (on left) and forest service crew in 1911 in Arizona

10. Snags and other dead wood

12. Adaptive Management

13. Yellow-eyed Penguin and Breeding Sites

14. Hooker’s or New Zealand Sea Lion

15. Keys to Reserve Management Once a reserve is established, the job has only begun – 5 major factors must be managed to maintain reserve populations: 1. Human visitors 2. Natural disturbances 3. Water regimes 4.Exotic species and overabundant natives 5.Balancing human needs with reserve needs

16. National Park Entrances - Yellowstone 1940’s & Yosemite today

17. Yosemite National Park – Hikers on Half Dome

18. Yosemite National Park – Air Pollution

19. Yosemite National Park - smoke from forest fires 2012

20. Natural Disturbances and Succession

21. 1988 Yellowstone Fire

23. Aerial Photo of Yellowstone Fire 1988

24. Carbonton Dam, Deep River, NC

25. Elwha River – Olympic National Park

26. Elwha River Dam Removal

27. Tamarisk or salt cedar

28. Tamarisk study and removal

29. Humpback Chub Endangered – about 7650 live in Grand Canyon

30. Glen Canyon Dam Release

31. Glen Canyon Dam Release 2013

33. Grand Canyon Sand Bar Restoration http://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/sandbartour2013/ index.htmlhttp://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/sandbartour2013/ index.html

34. Grand Canyon Burro Removal

35. Mountain Goat - Oreamnos americanus

36. Distribution of Mountain Goats

37. The Olympic Mountain endemics Campanula piperi (bellflower; upper) and Viola flettii (Flett's violet) occupy rock crevices in the subalpine and alpine zones of the Olympic Mountains. The bellflower is known to be eaten by mountain goats (photos from NPS).

38. Mountain Goat Movements in Olympic National Park

39. Mountain Goat Removals

40. Mountain Goat Population Trends

41. Mountain Goat Distribution 2011

42. Mountain Goat Olympic National Park

43. Brazilian Pepper Tree

44. Brazilian Pepper tree in Florida

45. Brazilian Pepper Tree in the Everglades

46. Rat predation in New Zealand

47. Rat Trap New Zealand

48. UNESCO – Man and Biosphere Reserve Model

49. UNEP – REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. “REDD+” goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.

51. Key activities that must be monitored and perhaps eliminated in a reserve Commercial harvesting of game and fish Intensive harvesting of natural plant products Logging and farming Use and occurrence of fire Recreational activities