1. Large Mammals

2. White-Tailed Deer

3. White-Tailed Deer Habitat: adaptable creatures
Feeding Habits: herbivores, forbs, browse, shrubs, acorns, fungi, grasses
Life cycle:
Rut- October to November, dominant buck mating several does
Bucks establish territory
After 7 months, does give birth, normally May or June
Fawns are spotted at birth, with almost no odor
Usually spend their entire life within a 1-square-mile area
Average life expectancy is around 8 to 10 years, can live up to 16 years.
Mortality is high during first 6 months

4. Elk

5. Elk
Habitat: semi-open forest areas in mountains, mountain meadows, and foothills; found in higher elevations
Feeding Habits: herbivores, grasses, forbs, brush and bark
Life cycle:
Rut- September
Bulls “bugle” or call to attract cows to advertise their presence
Gather herds of cows, polygamous
Cows gestation is 8.5 months, giving birth in May or June, twins are rare
Calves are hidden for two weeks
Average life expectancy is around 8 to 10 years, can live up to 14 years.

6. Moose

7. Moose Habitat: bogs, swamps, river bottoms, and other water sources
Feeding Habits: herbivores, mainly aquatic plants
Life cycle:
Rut- early fall
Bulls are very aggressive and mate with as many cows as possible
Calves, often twins, are born in the spring, do not have spots
Calves remain hidden for several days
Adults are vulnerable in winter, when snow limits mobility

8. Caribou

9. Caribou Habitat: Northern tundra of Canada and Alaska
Feeding Habits: herbivores, grasses, lichens, shrubs, fungi
Life cycle:
Rut- September, Bulls breed as many cows as possible
Bulls gather harem of a dozen so cows guard them jealously from challengers
Single calves (sometimes twins) are born in late May or June
Calves are not spotted
Rarely exceed 6 to 8 years of age

10. Bison

11. Bison Habitat: North America, found in largest numbers on open plains
Feeding Habits: herbivores, grazer of various grasses
Life cycle:
Breeding season is July and August
Bulls fight furiously over cows and breed as many as possible
Single calves (twins are rare)
Calves are not weans for 6 to 7 months of age.
Bison may live 10 to 20 years in the wild and 30 in captivity.

12. Pronghorn

13. Pronghorn Habitat: Prairies and Plains
Feeding Habits: herbivores; browse and graze on sagebrush and a variety of grasses
Life cycle:
Breeding Season is October to November
Dominant bucks gathering a harem of does
Does give birth to one to three young, often twins in May or June
Fawns are able to follow their mothers shortly after birth until they can outrun the coyotes at 3 to 4 weeks of age
Average life span is 5 years

14. Mountain Goat

15. Mountain Goat (antelope)
Habitat: most inaccessible mountain tops in North America
Feeding Habits: herbivores; graze and browse on scrubs, grasses, sedges, and lichens
Life cycle:
Breeding in November
Fights with other Billies
One to two kids are born in late April, May, or June
Young are capable of running within an hour of their birth
Follow their mother back to the herd in 3 to 4 days
Life span in the wild is about 10 years

16. Black Bear

17. Black Bear
Habitat: swamps, bogs, forested areas, and mountains, rarely found in open areas
Feeding Habits: Omnivorous, very opportunistic, insects or berries or grasses
Life cycle:
Solitary animals except when a female is in estrus
Young are born in January, weighing 8 ounces, 1 to 3
Stay with their mothers for 2 years
Life span is 12 to 15 years

18. Mountain Lion

19. Mountain Lion Habitat: Forests, mountains, swamps, and deserts
Feeding Habits: carnivores, feeds heavily on white-tailed deer and mule deer. Also feed son smaller mammals, such as dogs and livestock
Life cycle:
Solitary animals, except when females are receptive to male’s advances
Require vast areas of largely uninhabited space in which to survive.
Young are born in April or May, although cats are capable of breeding anytime of the year
Two to five spotted kittens, dependent on mothers for two years
Females raise a litter every other year
Males sometimes kill kittens, so females are very protective of their young
Can live up to 20 years in captivity, but 10 to 12 in the wild

20. Gray Wolf

21. Gray Wolf Habitat: Open forests and tundra
Feeding Habits: carnivores, eat anything from mice to a moose, as well as ripe fruit and berries on occasion
Life cycle:
Very social animals.
Mate for life
The dominant males and female in the pack produce all the offspring.
Raising the young is a community affair
4-6 pups are born in a den selected by the female
Young are helpless
Young are on their own after about 1 year of age, though they may live 15 years, 10 years is more common in the wild.

22. American Pine Marten

23. American Pine Marten
Food: Voles, mice, squirrels, rabbits, small birds, nuts, fruits
Habitat: Mature forests of dense evergreens or conifer hardwood mix
Life Cycle:
Young Martens or kits are born around April.
They will each adult size about three to four months of age although they don't really mature until they are about two years old.
The mother will have two to three kits each time she has her babies.
When they are born, the kits are naked, blind, and deaf.
Life span: may reach 10 years or more in the wild

24. River Otter

25. River Otter Food: Fish, crayfish, birds, small mammals
Habitat: Rivers, streams and lakes; Creates dens in stream banks with underwater entrance or builds den in hollow logs
Life Cycle:
Delayed Implantation
Mating January-March
Males do not help raise young otters.
Females retreat to their underground dens to deliver litters of 1 to 6 young which are 5 ounces and don’t open their eyes until they are 4 weeks old.
When the young are only about two months old, they get an advanced swimming lesson—their mother pushes them into the water.
Otters are natural swimmers and, with parental supervision, they soon get the hang of it.
Live 15 to 20 years in captivity and 8 to 9 in the wild

26. Fisher

27. Fisher
Food: Snowshoe hares, voles, squirrels, carrion, mice, porcupines
Habitat: Forest of dense conifers or mixed deciduous and conifer forests
Life Cycle:
Fishers mate in March and April.
The female gives birth ten to eleven months after mating.
She has one to six babies in a nest in a hollow tree.
The babies are blind at birth.
If the nest is disturbed, the female will move her babies.

28. Sources