1. Which is best for the Environment? ChinaPaperPolystyene

2. Coffee Cups - Manufacture China – most energy to make Polystyrene – made from oil Paper – made from wood, messy process Cost of Energy varies

3. Coffee Cups- Use Polystyrene – use once Paper – use once China – multi-use BUT needs washing (hot water, detergent)

4. Coffee Cups- Verdict You have to use a china cup 1000 times before it is environmentally better than Polystyrene

5. Coffee Cups - Disposal China – landfill Polystyrene – landfill (125 times better) Paper – can be composted – generates CH 4 (greenhouse effect)

11. One of the main problems in chemical manufacture is the generation/disposal of (toxic) waste

12. Manufacture of Terephthalic Acid 26 Mtons per year world-wide 500,000 tons per year per plant CH 3 COOH O2O2 Catalyst

13. DuPont (former ICI) – Wilton Manufacturing Terephthalic Acid

14. Why not make fibres from Sheep?

15. Fibre from Sheep 1 Sheep produces 3.5 kg wool/ year 500,000 tons of wool need 10 8 sheep 10 sheep need 1 acre of land 10 8 sheep need 10 7 acres (640 acres = 1 square mile) 10 8 sheep need 15,625 square miles

17. Fibre Production Sheep need 15,625 square miles 1 TA plant needs 25 acres

18. What about the dead sheep?

19. Flixborough 1974

21. Bhopal 1984

24. Cuyahoga River 1969

26. Love Canal - Canada

33. Assessing Risk Risk = Hazard x Exposure What we do now Limit Exposure  Acceptable Risk Green Chemistry if Hazard = 0  Risk = 0

34. What is Green Chemistry? Carrying out chemical activities (design, manufacture, use and disposal) such that hazardous substances will not be used or generated

35. Live on the Web!! http://www.meta- fusion.com/kongress /costday2004/http://www.meta- fusion.com/kongress /costday2004/