2.  Map of Nubia

3.  Egypt Names Nubia “Kush”

4.   The Geography of Early Nubia helped civilization develop there  Kush and Egypt traded, but they also fought  Later Kush became a trading power with a unique culture  Both internal and external factors led to the demise of Kush Main Ideas of Ancient Kush

5.  Geography of Nubia South of Egypt Situated along the Nile River Unlike Egypt, they were not dependent upon the flooding of the Nile for good soil. They enjoyed tropical rainfall all year long. Cataracts keep Nubia safe from invaders for some time

6.   Nubia was a land of natural wealth. They had gold mines, ivory, incense, copper and iron ore. Nubia – “Land of Gold”

7.   Most people lived in farming villages- Each village had a leader  Like most ancient peoples, Nubians depended on agriculture for their food  Agricultural crops: Yams, beans, rice, onions, papaya, gourds, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, cotton, and peanuts.  Dressed similar to Egyptians at first (white cotton), then dressing more like those in the Southern Sahara (colorful cotton) Daily Life of Common People

8.   Kings, Queens and Nobles lived in riverside palaces  Queens were often more powerful than Kings  At first they modeled themselves after Egyptian Kings & Queens Daily Life of Kings, Queens &Nobles

9.   At first Kush worships the same gods as the Egyptians  Mummified the dead  Built pyramids – similar but were smaller with flat tops Ancient Kushite Religion

10.   Kush respected Egyptian culture and traded with them  In the New Kingdom, Egypt felt threatened by Kush so they conquered Kush in 1500 BC  Egypt ruled Kush for about 450 years (until the end of the New Kingdom) Relations with Egypt

11.   After the New Kingdom fell, Kush senses Egypt’s weakness and conquers Upper Egypt.  They then make relations with Lower Egypt and conquer them.  Kashta and his son Piankhi Extend the Kushite kingdom from Napata in Nubia to the Nile Delta. Kush’s Time of Glory

12. Piankhi 751-716 BCE Piankhi was the son of Kashta, and a very powerful military leader. He was very religious. He believed he had the support of the gods to rule over the Egyptian people.

13.  Kushite Occupation of Egypt Kush’s occupation in Egypt is know as the 25 th Dynasty Piankhi and his relatives believed the old pharaohs of Egypt were their ancestors. Kush tried to restore Egyptian cultural practices They bulit temples to Egyptian gods The worked to preserve hieroglyphics

14.   Kush held Egypt for about 50 years until the Assyrians invaded  They had better iron weapons than the Kushites The End of Kushite Occupation of Egypt

15.   After their defeat by the Assyrians, the Kushites retreat back to their homeland – Nubia  There they devoted themselves to trade  The city of Meroe is the economic capital Kush Becomes the Iron Capital of the Ancient World

16.   Meroe is an area full of rich iron ore deposits  This is the place where AFRICA’s first iron industry begins  People need iron to make weapons  To create iron there was a need for wood to burn in furnaces to melt down the iron ore Kush Becomes the Iron Capital of the Ancient World

17.   Ancient peoples want iron weapons and statues this sparks the desire to trade  Kush sent goods down to Nile to Egypt  Egyptian and Greek merchants carried goods to ports in the Mediterranean and Red Seas and ports in southern Africa.  In later times Kushite goods may have even traveled to India and perhaps China  Trade with other nations brought cultural influences to Kush Trade Networks

18.  Exports Gold Pottery Iron tools Slaves Ivory Leopard skins Ostrich Feathers Elephants Imports Fine jewelry Luxury items

19.   To make iron, they needed to wood to burn. They had used up much of their wood. Their resources were dwindling.  Kush could not produce as much iron as they had in the past, yet demand for iron was growing. Traders began to look elsewhere for iron.  By 300s AD Kush lost its wealth a military might  The Kingdom of Aksum conquers Kush The Demise of Kush