1. Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?

2. Communicable Disease An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges.

3. Deadly Diseases in History http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/10/h ealth/epidemics-through-history/ http://www.cnn.com/interactive/2014/10/h ealth/epidemics-through-history/

4. Diseases are caused by…? Germs ◦ Bacteria ◦ Viruses ◦ Fungi ◦ Parasites

5. Bacteria Bacteria- one-celled organisms ◦ Not all harmful  digestion Common Bacterial Infections ◦ Strep throat ◦ Tuberculosis

6. Viruses Viruses are much smaller than cells. ◦ Capsules that contain genetic material Viruses invade the cells in the body, hijacking the machinery that makes cells work. Host cells are eventually destroyed Common Cold Influenza Measles Chickenpox HIV/AIDS Ebola

7. Fungi There are many varieties of Fungi Some cause illness Ring worm Athletes foot

8. Parasites Protozoa ◦ Malaria ◦ Toxoplasmosis Helminths (worms) ◦ Tapeworms ◦ Roundworms

9. Ways Diseases Spread Through the Air- Direct Contact ◦ Person to person ◦ Animal to person Indirect Contact ◦ Door knobs, shopping carts, tables, etc.. Insect Bites Environmental Food/Water Contamination

10. Airborne Chickenpox Common Cold Flu Meningitis (bacterial) Strep throat Measles, Mumps, Rubella Tuberculosis

11. Direct Contact Animal to Person Person to Person Saliva ◦ Hepatitis B Skin/mucous membrane contact ◦ Chickenpox ◦ Lice ◦ Staph. ◦ Ringworm Contaminated objects ◦ Hepatitis A ◦ Meningitis (viral) ◦ Rotavirus ◦ Salmonella infection ◦ Worms Bodily fluids ◦ Hepatitis B and C ◦ HIV

12. Direct Contact Insect to Person ◦ Malaria ◦ Dengue fever ◦ West Nile Virus Environment to Person ◦ Meningitis (amoebic) ◦ Tetanus Animal to Person ◦ Rabies ◦ Toxoplasmosis

13. Ways Diseases Spread Cont. Foodborne ◦ Spread from dirty hands to mouth ◦ Bad Food ◦ Undercooked Food ◦ Unsanitary Cooking environment Waterborne Botulism Cholera Listeria infection Salmonella infection Typhoid

14. Infection vs. Disease Infection is the first step, and occurs when the bacteria, viruses, or other microbes cause disease to enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease occurs when cells in your body are damaged as a result of the infection and signs and symptoms of an illness appear

15. Our Defenses Immune System- In response to infections, white blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the infection. ◦ Ex. Common Cold- Fever, coughing, sneezing Vaccines and Immunizations ◦ Shots Hand Washing Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth

16. Proper Hand Washing Wet hands with clean, running water and apply soap. Lather hands by rubbing together ◦ front & back of hands, in between fingers and under finger nails Scrub for at least 20 seconds Rinse under clean, running water Dry hands with a clean towel or air dry them

17. Preventing Illness Wash your hands regularly Keep your hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth Cover your coughs and sneezes Disinfect common areas often ◦ Keyboards, doorknobs, light switches, etc. Stay home when you are sick Make healthy choices to keep immune system strong ◦ Exercise and diet