1. Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, Texas Tim Cherry D.V.M., Federico Salvador T. PROGRAMA UACH- SFASU. CHIHUAHUA MÉXICO September 2005 “ Trends in Drug-Free and Organic Broiler production in the United States”

2. Tim Cherry DVM Work experience Stephen F. Austin State University, Director of Poultry Science Program, 1996 – Present Mallinckrodt Veterinary Inc. Director of Technical Services Worldwide, 1990 – 1996 Appleby Sand Road Animal Clinic, Veterinarian / Owner, 1982-1990 Education Stephen F. Austin State University 1975 B.S. Animal Science Texas A&M University 1979 – Master of Poultry Science Texas A&M University 1982 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine

3. Broiler Production in the United States 8.0 Billion broilers Per Year Trend toward larger birds for processing (2.5 kg. and larger) Most broilers are deboned and meat is used for Fast food industry, restaurants, and prepared foods

4. Historical Drug Usage in Broiler Production 1. Ionophore Coccidiostats: Monensin Salinomysin Narrison 2. Chemical Coccidiostats: Amprol Nicarbazine Halofuginone Diclazaril 3. Sub-therapeutic Antibiotics Bacitracins Virginiamycin Lincomysin Bambermysins

5. American Consumer ! Desire less drugs and antibiotic use in Food Animals Ultimate desire is Drug-Free and Antibiotic Free Products

6. Demand for Drug-Free and Organic Poultry are being met by: Small Poultry Companies Gerber Poultry (250,000 / week) Petaluma Poultry (250,000 / week) Farmer’s Pride (300,000 / week)

7. Demand for Drug-Free and Organic Poultry are being met by: Large Poultry Companies designating some production in specific operations Tyson Foods Virginia Complex Fieldale Farms Georgia

8. Designated Terms as Defined by the United States department of Agriculture (USDA) Drug-Free” No ionophore Coccidiostat use No sub-therapeutic or therapeutic antibiotic use Use of Chemical Coccidiostats Antibiotic – Free No sub-therapeutic or therapeutic antibiotic use May use ionophore and chemical Coccidiostats

9. Designated Terms as Defined by the United States department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Chicken: No real meaning, has no restrictions Hormone – Free( ?????) Hormones are not used in Poultry Production “Organic Chicken” All feed fed must be organically grown (define) No use of Antibiotics or ionophore coccidiostats Can use chemical coccidiostats

10. Main Obstacle in Drug-Free and Organic Production: Coccidiosis Control Secondary Clostridia Perfrengens Control

11. Current Coccidiosis Control is by use of Coccidiosis Vaccine All current vaccines are live vaccine which require cycling to develop immunity The developing of Immunity requires completion of life cycle of coccidia in the intestinal tract which can lead to clostridial invasion and resulting in necrotic enteritis

12. Use of Feed Additives to limit effects of Coccidial and Clostridial Invasion Organic Acids Oregano Probiotics Other Products None have shown good benefits in Commercial use

13. Management Changes to Limit effects of Coccidia and Clostridia Decrease number of Broilers per square meter Use of Litter Acidifiers

14. Solve The Problem

15. Thank You for Your Time and Attention May UACH Grow and Prosper Come Visit Stephen F. Austin State University in Beautiful Nacogdoches, Texas