1. Alpine E. coli 0157:H7 Outbreak Barbara Barron Drinking Water Program U.S. EPA Region 8

3. 250,000 Gal. STORAGE 50,000 Gal. STORAGE 750,000 Gal. PUMP HOUSE WELL #2 WELL #1 TO DISTRIBUTION Intermittent Disinfection Residential taps Cattle tap SPRING POND Municipal Water Supply - Alpine Established 1975

4. April:Total coliform positive Repeat samples negative May:Total coliform positive Repeat samples negative June:Total coliform positive Repeat samples negative History of BacT Samples in 1998

5. PRE-OUTBREAK TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE è Site Visit by Contractor è Chlorination Performed è Continuous Chlorination Recommended

6. 250,000 Gal. STORAGE 50,000 Gal. STORAGE 750,000 Gal. PUMP HOUSE SPRING WELL #2 WELL #1 TO DISTRIBUTION Daily TC Sampling TO DISTRIBUTION Manual Chemical Disinfection Cattle tap Shut valve Residential taps Install fire hydrant Immediate Local Action Under Boil Order POND

7. STATE ACTION è Investigation Launched è Assistance Requested from CDC & EPA è Boil Order Continued

8. Action Under EPA Administrative Order 250,000 Gal. STORAGE 50,000 Gal. STORAGE 750,000 Gal. PUMP HOUSE Continuous Disinfection SPRING WELL #2 WELL #1 TO DISTRIBUTION Cattle tap Shut valve Residential taps Install fire hydrant Sever Line POND

9. EXAMINING SPRING BOX Analytical Findings Spring Pond: Total Coliform + Fecal Coliform + Enterococcus species + Clostridium perfringens + Storage Tank: Total Coliform + E. coli + Enterococcus species + Clostridium perfringens +

10. CHANCE OF ACQUIRING INFECTION CDC Data for Exposure Period 6/25/98 - 7/01/98 ä Residents who drank Alpine water vs. residents who did not drink Alpine water ä Visitors who drank Alpine water vs. visitors who did not drink Alpine water ä 99.99% certainty that municipal water supply was source of outbreak Eight times more likely to acquire infection Fourteen times more likely to acquire infection

11. Little Jenny Pond/Mill Creek Spring Pond 50K gal tank

12. Fence Surrounding Spring Collection Area Fallen Fence

13. Cattle Corral First Service Connection Hose Bibb

14. Alpine Test Results for Classic Contaminants Contaminant Name Test DateResult Inorganics12/06/93Within limits Pesticides11/10/97Not Detected Radionuclides11/10/97Not Detected Nitrate/Nitrite11/10/97Not Detected Volatile Organics12/06/93Not Detected Unregulated11/10/97Not Detected Pb/Cu01/01/98

15. Where Do We Go From Here? Direct Implementation Program A. Sanitary Survey Triage B. Develop 24hr. Emergency Protocol C. Strengthen Ties with State Agencies D. Pilot SWP Program at Alpine E. Enhance Internal Procedures F. Continuing Technical Assistance to Alpine