1. Range Vegetation BIOL 425/427

2. What is “Rangeland”?

3. A) Uncultivated

4. B) Provides Forage for Large Herbivores LivestockWildlife

5. Grazers

6. Browsers

7. Intermediate Feeders

8. Typical Rangelands

9. In Contrast: Pasturelands Periodic Cultivation of Non-Native Forage Species Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizer, Irrigation)

10. Extent of Rangelands (Worldwide) Potential Rangeland WORLD70% AFRICA69 CHINA77 INDIA33 EUROPE53 NORTH AMERICA66 SOUTH AMERICA74 OCEANIA66 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) data (2000)

11. Extent of Rangeland (North America) Potential Rangeland NORTH AMERICA 66 CANADA64 MEXICO70 USA61 FAO data (2000)

12. Rangeland in the West : (80% of Land Area) http://www.rangelandswest.org/index.org

13. Rangeland Types A) Grasslands

14. Rangeland Types B) Shrublands

15. Rangeland Types C) Woodlands

16. Rangeland Types D) Forests

17. PLANTS!!!

18. Trees (Gymnosperms)

19. Trees (Angiosperms)

20. Small Trees and Shrubs

22. Vegetative Characteristics

23. Succulents

24. Forbs

26. Flower Characteristics

27. Graminoids (Grasses, Rushes, Sedges)

28. Grass Characteristics

29. 29 WARM-SEASON vs. COOL-SEASON PLANTS

30. FORAGE VALUE

31. POISONOUS PLANTS

32. INCREASERS VERSUS DECREASERS

33. “WEEDS”

34. RANGELAND LEGISLATION ------------------------------------------- HOMESTEAD ACT (1862) TAYLOR GRAZING ACT (1934) MULTIPLE USE ACT (1960) ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT (1973) Stock Raising Homestead Act (1916) Transcontinental Railroad Act (1862) MORRILL ACT (1862) Forest Reserves Act (1891) National Environmental Policy Act (1970)

35. TO GRAZE OR NOT TO GRAZE? Cost of Compliance By Trent LoosTrent Loos What is the price of freedom? How many Americans have died to protect our rights? Yet we have an additional price to pay to protect our right, as a rancher, to convert natural resources into value-added products. For Kit Laney of New Mexico, part of the price was 25 days in jail without bail.

36. RANGE ECOLOGY

37. ABIOTIC FACTORS

38. BIOTIC FACTORS

39. PLANT SUCCESSION ON THE RANGE Effect of Fire Suppression in Bear’s Ears (Southwestern Utah) Top: 1920s Bottom: 1988 http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/Tools/repeatphotog.htm

40. DESERTIFICATION

41. RANGE ASSESSMENT

42. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Journal of Range Management Holecheck, J.L. et al. 2004. Range Management: Principles and Practices. http://rangelandswest.org/index.html *Ivey, R.D. 2003. Flowering Plants of New Mexico Allred, K.W. 2005. A Field Guide to the Grasses of New Mexico, 3 rd edition

43. EL FIN (THE END)