1. The Rotational Benefits of Forages: Pests Forages can suppress weeds Forages can break insect and disease cycles

3. Glyphosate resistant ryegrass in Australia A good reason to look for weed control alternatives

4. 1992 Forage Survey - 83% said weed control benefits after alfalfa for one (11%),two (50%), and three (33%) years after forage

6. Note - no wild oat or cleavers

7. Weeds in commercial fields: As affected by crop rotation Ominski et al. (1999) Plants per square meter

8. Weeds in commercial fields: As affected by crop rotation Ominski et al. (1999) Plants per square meter

9. Weeds in commercial fields: As affected by crop rotation Ominski et al. (1999) Plants per square meter

10. Alfalfa is effective at reducing Canada thistle populations. Thistle plants struggle to compete for light under alfalfa. They become spindly and have weak roots. When alfalfa is cut, potential for seed set is removed.

11. Flax, the 8th organic crop in 1999 - Few weeds after alfalfa

13. Wheat After Wheat, no herbicide

14. Wheat After Triticale silage, no herbicide

15. Single year forages controlled wild oat as well as herbicide

16. Less green foxtail after single year forage, especially under zero tillage.

17. Spring seeded winter cereal - grazed Cereal silage Intercrop - silage, then graze Warm season - silage Fall rye - grain Alfalfa (1 year) - hay Double crop - sweet clover, triticale Annual Forage Options

20. In one experiment, best annual forage system had combination of crops - eg. Winter and spring triticale intercrop Spring triticale was silaged, winter triticale regrew and was grazed.

21. Cruciferae eaters Alfalfa rot’n S clover Grain rot’n Few weeds after alfalfa

22. The presence of forage in the rotation can break insect and disease cycles in some cases. Examples:

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