1. Subject: Il-Khannids, the Subject Khan

2. Geography South/East Mongol Lands Iraq, Western Arabia, Iran, Persia Christian lands to the East & Muslim Lands to the West

3. Hulagu Kulabi’s brother “Subject” to Great Khan Leader of the Il- Khannids What did Chiniggis do to Persia? Rebuilt after Mongol devastation Recognized the need for thriving Cities Food – established agriculture Cities need _____ to survive? Wife was Christian Supported Christian Regimes in Europe Religion

4. Hulagu established capital in TabrizCommishened art and imported astrology from YuanYassa – Religious tolerationMilitary prestige Il-Khan Legitimacy

5. Mamluks Egyptian Muslims Defeated Hulagu in Palestine Golden Horde Berke = Islamic / Hulagu = Christian Geo-political constraints Chagatai Encroachment from the East Golden Horde/Chagatai alliance Enemies Politics: Enemies

6. Siege of Baghdad Religion of Baghdad Islamic Hulagu = Christian/Buddhist Caliph = Muslim ruler Army was led by ________ Guo Kan (Han) Allies with Great Khan of the Yuan Dynasty Flooded city The Tigris river ran black with ink Death count from 200,000 to 1,000,000 Legacy Baghdad was a ruined, depopulated city for centuries Syrian surrender

7. Alliances Politics: Alliances Europeans Mutual desire to destroy Islam Began seeing Mongol’s as allies near 1260 Yuan Dynasty Kublai & Hulagu = Brothers “Subject Khan” to Kublai Syrians Recognized Destruction of Baghdad Did not want to be destroyed themselves

8. European Connection Chinese/Italian Trade Chinese Influence over art Tabriz United against Mamluks Mongols protected Christian Vassals Crusades Italian’s wore Mongol military dress Mongol lettering can be found in Italy Textile/Script

9. Converted to Islam Although converted to Islam, Ghazan continued battles with…. Allowed the “Yassa” Mongol code Destroyed churches Married a woman sent by Kublai Khan and escorted by Marco Polo Mamluks in Egypt Religious tolerance Gave tax exempt status to Christians Hulagu Ghazan

10. Post-Ghazan: Failures Economics Focus on military resulted in lowered trade Decentralized Mismanagement Allowed horses to graze on crops Government Increased taxes Fractionalism Religion Hostility to Islam Notably: Despite converion, continued fueds with Muslims