1. Bell Ringer Plankton that spend their whole lives in the plankton community are called ________. Temporary visitors are called ________.

2. Zooplankton: Heterotrophs

3. Zooplankton What are they? Mass is approximately 10% that of phytoplankton Almost every animal group is represented

4. Zooplankton Copepods – 70% of all zooplankton – Shrimplike – Crustaceans; same family as crabs, lobsters, & shrimp

5. Copepods

6. Zooplankton Macroplankton – plankton larger than 1 cm. – Jellyfish

7. Zooplankton Holoplankton – spend whole lives as plankton – Copepods, krill – Far more common Meroplankton – partial life spent as plankton – Juvenile stage – crabs, barnacles, clams, sea stars, tuna

8. Krill Most important! – Keystone of Antarctic ecosystem Thumb-size, graze on diatoms Eaten by seabirds, squids, fish, & whales 500-700 million metric tons inhabit Antarctic

9. Krill

10. Travel in large schools – several square miles – Exceed biomass of human population! Behave more like a school of fish Swim horizontally, not vertically

11. Foraminifera Related to amoebas Calcium carbonate shells – Similar to coccolithophores

12. Foraminifera

13. Oxygen minimum zone Oxygen is depleted by animals & not replaced by phytoplankton Just below well-lit area Nightly migrations from here toward darkened surface layer to feed on smaller organisms

14. Zooplankton Large animals (whale sharks & baleen whales) feed on zooplankton.

15. Larger Marine Producers Seaweeds -> 2%-5% primary productivity Most are algae – Algae – possess chlorophyll, photosynthesize, lacking vessels

16. Larger Marine Producers Unicellular algae – single-celled diatoms & dinoflagellates Multicellular algae – seaweeds Angiosperms – flowering plants – sea grasses & mangrove trees – NOT seaweeds

17. Algae Nonvascular – no vessels – Still require carbon, oxygen, sun, and water – All in one spot so no need for vessels

18. Algae

19. Multicellular – can form forests or solitary isolation Largest can grow up to 62 m Flexible, easily absorb shock, resistant to abrasion, streamlined to reduce water drag, & very strong

20. Algae Doesn’t grow below euphotic zone – depends on photosynthesis Over 7,000 species identified Covered by slick, mucilagenous material – Lubricates, keeps from drying, deters grazers