1. Review: The Biosphere

2. What is the Biosphere? .

3. What is the Biosphere?
Combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists, including land, water and atmosphere

4. Levels of Organizations
___________?
Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
__________?
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

5. Levels of Organizations
Species
Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

6. __________?
All the different populations that live together in a defined area
Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment
_________?
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities

7. Community Ecosystem Biome
All the different populations that live together in a defined area
Ecosystem
Collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities

8. Biotic vs. Abiotic
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors

9. Biotic vs. Abiotic Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors
The biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem
Ex: birds, trees, mushrooms, and bacteria
Abiotic Factors
Physical or nonliving factors that shape ecosystems
Ex: temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, nutrient availability, soil type, and sun light

10. What are the Major Land Biomes?
Tropical Rain Forest
Temperate Forest
Taiga
Savanna
Temperate Grassland
Chaparral
Desert
Tundra
Mountain

11. What is Biodiversity?

12. What is Biodiversity?
Term used to indicate the number and diversity of species on Earth

13. Why is Biodiversity important?

14. Why is Biodiversity important?
Earth’s greatest natural resource
Species of many kinds have provided us with:
Food: beef, chicken, salad
Industrial Products: paper, rubber
Medicines: painkillers, antibiotics, anticancer drugs

15. How can humans reduce biodiversity?

16. How can humans reduce biodiversity?
Altering habitats
Hunting species to extinction
Introducing toxic compounds into food webs
Introducing foreign species to new environment

17. Introduced Species _______________?
Non-native animals that thrive in new territory where they are free of predators, diseases, or resources limitations that may have controlled their population in their native habitat
Can cause the extinction of native species
Ex: Pythons in Florida

18. Introduced Species Invasive Species
Non-native animals that thrive in new territory where they are free of predators, diseases, or resources limitations that may have controlled their population in their native habitat
Can cause the extinction of native species
Ex: Pythons in Florida

19. Endangered Species Act
Began in 1973
Protect plants and animals near _________?
Protect the land where the organism lives
Helps to bring the organisms population up

20. Endangered Species Act
Began in 1973
Protect plants and animals near extinction
Protect the land where the organism lives
Helps to bring the organisms population up

21. What Eats What in an Ecosystem
__________?
Makes its own food
Plants, trees, algae
Gets energy by eating other organisms
Animals

22. What Eats What in an Ecosystem
Producers
Makes its own food
Plants, trees, algae
Consumers
Gets energy by eating other organisms
Animals

23. __________? Eats only producers Cows, sheep, deer, grasshoppers
Eats only other consumers
Lions, hawks, spiders
Eats both producers and consumers
Bears, pigs, humans

24. Herbivore Carnivores Omnivore Eats only producers
Cows, sheep, deer, grasshoppers
Carnivores
Eats only other consumers
Lions, hawks, spiders
Omnivore
Eats both producers and consumers
Bears, pigs, humans

25. What is a Food Chain?

26. What is a Food Chain
A sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another

27. What is a Food Web?

28. What is a Food Web? A group of interrelated food chains No one path
Shows feeding relationships in an ecosystem

29. What is a Trophic Level?
Producer Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers

30. What is a Trophic Level?
Each step in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem
Each time energy is transferred, less of it is available to organisms at the next trophic level
Producer Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers

31. Effects man has had on earth?

32. Land Use: Mining Strip Mining Mountain Top Removal Subsurface Mining
______________?
Law states one must put back two times as much as mined

33. Land Use: Mining Strip Mining Mountain Top Removal Subsurface Mining
Land Reclamation
Law states one must put back two times as much as mined

34. Land Use: Agriculture Practices

35. Land Use: Industrial Clear cut land to place industrial plants
Hazardous waste produced
Thermal Pollution: water too hot
Chemical waste entering water system

36. Land Use: Housing and Development
New subdivisions are cropping up due to the population growth in areas
Land is cleared for commercial use

37. Overgrazing
Occurs when animals are allowed to graze in areas and the plants are not allowed to grow back
Poorly managed agriculture practices

38. Deforestation
Removal of a forest or stand of trees for a fuel source (charcoal) or timber
Conversion of forestland to farms, ranches & subdivisions
2011 half of the world’s forest were destroyed

39. Forest Fire vs. Wild Fire
___________?
Controlled burns by the forestry service every 4 to 7 years
__________?
Created naturally or by man that destroys the forest

40. Forest Fire vs. Wild Fire
Controlled burns by the forestry service every 4 to 7 years
Wild Fire
Created naturally or by man that destroys the forest

41. Effects of Fires

42. Effects of Fires
More fires bring warmer spring and summer temperatures
More burning forests produces more CO2 in the air
Global Warming

43. Effect of Cities ____________?
The enormous amount of heat is in the center of the city
3º to 5º C (5º--9ºF) higher than the surrounding countrysides

44. Effect of Cities Heat Island
The enormous amount of heat is in the center of the city
3º to 5º C (5º--9ºF) higher than the surrounding countrysides

45. Benefits of Urban Development

46. Benefits of Urban Development
Better education system
Medical services
Social Service programs

47. Problems of Urban Development

48. Problems of Urban Development
Infectious diseases
Inadequate water system
Poor sewer systems
Exposure to pollution

49. Population Growth US has over 300 million people
Growth is determined by biotic potential and carrying capacity

50. What is Carrying Capacity?

51. What is Carrying Capacity?
Is the maximum population a habitat can support indefinitely
Population exceeds it, for long periods, degrades its environment and reduces future carrying capacity

52. Resources Unit

53. What is Nonrenewable Resources?

54. What is Nonrenewable Resources?
Takes millions of years to form
Ex:
Fossil fuels
Rocks
Minerals

55. What are Fossil Fuels?

56. What are Fossil Fuels?
Any past living material that is found in rock that is mined out as an energy resource

57. Types of Nonrenewable Energy Resources?

58. Types of Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Tar sands
Oil shale

59. What are Renewable Resources?

60. What is Renewable Resources?
Can be replenished over a fairly short period of time Ex
Animals
Air
Water

61. Types of Renewable Energy

62. Types of Renewable Energy
Biofuel
Geothermal
Hydroelectric Power
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Solar Power
Tidal Power
Wave Power
Wind Power

63. What is Ecological Footprint?

64. What is Ecological Footprint?
A measure of human demand on Earth’s ecosystem
Tracks how much land and water area a human population uses

65. What is Carbon Footprint?

66. What is Carbon Footprint?
Amount of carbon (in tons) being emitted by an activity or organization

67. Footprints and Biodiversity
Ecological Footprint provides an indicator of the pressure on ecosystems

68. What is Conservation?

69. What is Conservation? Careful use of resources Apply the 3 “R’s”
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle

70. How you can save Energy?

71. How you can save Energy? Recycle when possible
Let the sun in on bright winter days to warm rooms
Use energy-saving fluorescent bulbs
Turn off lights when you leave a room
Turn off radio, TV or computer when not in use
Walk or ride a bike when you can
Find and use “Energy Star” products