1. Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants Psychology 3506

3. Introduction Amphetamine – D and l, different isomers – Both together, Benzadrine – Just d, Dexedrine NMDA – Ecstacy Methamphetamine – Speed

4. Introduction Methylphenidrate – Ritalin Ephidrine – natural Cocaine – Coca leaves Cathinone – Qat or chat or khat or whatever…….

5. Introduction All of these are psychomotor stimulants – Operate on the monoamines E NE DA 5Ht Which monoamine and how depends on the drug

6. Introduction Ecstacy and SpeedCoke

7. A Little History Coca leaves have been chewed for thousands of years in South America Active ingredient was isolated It cures everything and its fun!!!!!! Robert Louis Stevenson, Freud, Czar Nicholas II, Henrik Ibsen, Popes. Big in the patent medicine business

8. Coke adds Life, and a wicked High! The choice of a new generation!

9. History Ephidrine has been around for a long time – Synthetic too! Pseudoephidrine, popular among athletes Chat (or whatever spelling you prefer) has been taken for ages in Somalia, Ethiopia etc – Now it is popular (when refined) in Russia Jeff

10. Administration and Absorption Oral, more constant Injection or snort, get a big rushCocaine HCl – Testing for purity showed you could smoke it – Crack! Peak concentration from 30 min to 3 hr after taking amphetamine

11. Administration and Absorption Probably more rapid from smoking Crosses the barriers Excreted in urine Metabolized by the liver Coke has a half life of about 40 min

12. Neruphysiology and Effects Transmitter Leakage – CA + 5Ht Increase in amount released – Ecstasy does this with 5Ht Block reuptake – Coke does this only In PNS E is released

15. Neurophysiology and Effects Increases the release of DA in accumens – Reward system again Cocaine can act as a local as it blocks Na ion channels Effects – Heart rate increases – Dilation of blood vessels

16. Neurophysiology and Effects Effectss (continued) – Headaches – Dry mouth – Weight loss – Disrupts sleep –REM rebound later

17. Behavioural Effects Cocaine and speed are indistinguishable Feels good More energy Clear mind Come down later “Rush” – Speed lasts longer than coke

18. Behavioural Effects Punding – Sstereotyped behviour Amphetamine psychosis – Happily, it clears up – DA? – Violence Sensation gets better – Flicker fusion

19. Behavioural Effects Eliminates fatigue effects on Reaction Time – Flight simulator! Overlearned taks Athletci Performance too – Tested for in competition – Sudafed and NHL players

20. Behavioural Effects Nonhumans – Increase in SMA – Stereotypical behaviour (like punding maybe) – automutilation – Increases FI, decreases FR responding Same sort of dynamic effect happens with negatively reinforced behaviour.

21. Behvioural Effects Nonhumans (continued) – Dissociative effects too – Discriminable from saline

22. Tolerance Acute tolerance develops quickly to cocaine Appetite suppressing effects disappear – So do lethal effects Psychosis, stereotypical behaviour show negative tolerance – Sensitivity? Withdrawal not that bad – Letdown, amphetamine deppression

23. Administration Cocaine – Snorted, smoked injected speed – Run and crash – Or small does – injected Ecstasy – pills

24. Administration: Non humans If constantly available monkeys will stop for periods If limited they’ll titrate Rats will self-administer – Important for understanding reward model

25. Bad Stuffl Liver damage Paranoia Hallucinations Tremors Weight loss

26. Bad Stuff Indirect effects Birth Defects? Crack Babies? OD

27. Treatment Detox Contracting SSRIs, MAOIs etc