1. The Expansion of Industry

2.  Agricultural Nation  Industrial Power  3 Factors of transformation…  Natural Resources  Inventions  Growth of urban population

3.  In 1859 he used steam engine to drill for oil.  This started an oil boom!  Efficient way of drilling oil  Petroleum-refining industries arose in some states  Ready to turn oil into kerosene

4.  Patented by Henry Bessemer in 1855.  Injects air into iron to remove the carbon and create steel.  This process helped produce 90% of nations steel.  Very inexpensive and efficient!  What does this mean for steel industry?

5.  Railroads!  Biggest customer of steel.  Barbed Wire  Farm machines  McCormick and Deere!

6.  Innovative construction.  The Brooklyn Bridge!  Architects could build as high as they wanted with the steel support.

7.  1876  Incandescent light bulb  Followed by an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power.  Electricity changed nature of business  Electric powered machines – fans to printing presses.  http://www.history.com/shows/america- the-story-of-us/videos/thomas-edison

8. CHRISTOPHER SHOLES ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL  1876  Inventor of the Typewriter!  http://www.history.com/s hows/modern- marvels/videos/type- writers#type-writers http://www.history.com/s hows/modern- marvels/videos/type- writers#type-writers  Did the industry need the type writer or did the typewriter need the industry?  1876  Inventor of the Telephone!

9.  Telephone and Typewriter opened up new jobs for women.  Sewing machine created a demand for professional garment workers.  Men, Women and Children worked long hours in unhealthy conditions.  A new marketplace! New goods!  Overall, industrialization contributed to an improved standard of living (at least for the middle and upper class)

10. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of- us/videos/transcontinental-railroad#transcontinental- railroad

11.  Completed in 1869  Connected the East and West coast – Central Pacific and Union Pacific  Provided dreams of adventure and unsettled land, but many paid the price.  Chinese and Irish immigrants and Civil War veterans hired for treacherous work.  Pneumonia and disease killed thousands.  Low pay.  Asians and African Americans earned even less  Harsh conditions to work in.

12.  United Nation  Before “time zones”, noon was always when the sun was overhead.  So, Boston was almost 12 min later than New York.  A professor proposed 24 time zones  U.S. didn’t adopt railroad time as the standard until 1918.

13.  Railroads linked cities and towns and created trade.  Towns started to specialize in in particular products.

14.  Railroad tycoon.  Manufactured sleeper cars.  “Luxury” to the rails  Demand for sleepers was high  Built his own town for employees.  Hoped this town would prevent strikes.

15.  Scandal of 1862!  Union Pacific created CM which enabled them to pocket money.  Company would lay track at two/three times the actual cost…then keep the profits!  Donated shares of stock to some Congress members

16.  3 reasons 1. High prices to ship goods 2. Land grants sold to businesses not farmers 3. Different rates for different customers

17.  In response to the corruption.  “To establish maximum freight and passenger rates and prohibit discrimination”  Set of laws to protect farmers and consumers.  Regulates the railroads.

18.  Required the railroads to be “reasonable and just” but didn’t require the government to fix rates.  Federal gov. could supervise railroad activities.  Interstate Commerce Commission

19.  Railroads on brink of bankruptcy!  Mismanagement  Corporate abuses  Overbuilding  Competition  Economic collapse!  Worst depression up to that time.  By 1894, a quarter of railroads taken over by banks.  Others seized by entrepreneurs.

20.  http://blog.flocabular y.com/industrial- revolution/  Please get in groups of 3-4!