1. clud (close) exclude, included, preclude
CLUD means close.
To exclude is to close out; to be included is to be admitted; and to preclude something that might happen means to stop it, to close the possibility before it happens!
Spanish…includido

2. se (apart) separate, secede, sedition
SE means apart.
To separate is to put something apart; to secede is to go apart, as the South did in the Civil War; and sedition is exciting people to rebel against the government!
Spanish…sedición

3. plu (more) plus, pluralism, nonplused
PLU means more.
A plus is an addition of more; pluralism is the belief in a society of many different groups; and to be nonplused is to be overwhelmingly confused, feeling like “No more, tell me no more!”
Spanish…pluralismo

4. germ (vital) germ, germinate, germane
GERM means vital.
A germ is a tiny living organism; to germinate is to become vital and grow; and a germane idea is one that is vital to the conversation.
Spanish…germinar

5. FUS (pour) transfusion, infusion, fusillade
FUS means pour.
In a transfusion, blood pours from one person to another; in an infusion of ideas, the ideas pour in from elsewhere; and when warships unleash a fusillade, there is a great outpouring of gunfire.
Spanish…fusilería

6. Advanced Word: Preclude
The verb preclude (pree-KLOOD) from the Latin praecludere, contains the stem pre (before) and clud (close) and refers to heading off something in advance, closing it off as a possibility, before it even happens. In 1911 in her novel Ethan Frome, Edith Wharton wrote that “for the moment his sense of relief was so great as to preclude all other feelings.”

7. Caesar’s English II Lesson XIII
Stem meaning example
clud close exclude, conclude
se apart separate, secede
plu more plus, plural
germ vital germinate, germane
fus pour transfuse, profuse

8. PRECLUDE : AVOID ::
secede : withdraw
seed : germinate
exclude : include
blood : transfusion

9. PRECLUDE : AVOID ::
secede : withdraw
seed : germinate
exclude : include
blood : transfusion

10. GUNS : FUSILLADE ::
separate : unify
germane : relevant
exclude : barriers
tubes : transfusion

11. GUNS : FUSILLADE ::
separate : unify
germane : relevant
exclude : barriers
tubes : transfusion

12. Find the best opposite.
NONPLUSED
germane
lucid
infused
precluded

13. Find the best opposite.
NONPLUSED
germane
lucid
infused
precluded

14. SEDITION
exclusion
patriotism
germination
treachery

15. SEDITION
exclusion
patriotism
germination
treachery

16. After the insurrection, new ideas began to ___________.
fusillade
secede
germinate
include

17. After the insurrection, new ideas began to ___________.
fusillade
secede
germinate
include

18. No province was permitted to ____________ from the empire.
renovate
preclude
germinate
secede

19. No province was permitted to ____________ from the empire.
renovate
preclude
germinate
secede

20. In the panic of the barbarian assault, the legion commander was __________.
nonplused
separate
germane
transfused

21. In the panic of the barbarian assault, the legion commander was __________.
nonplused
separate
germane
transfused

22. The Grammar of Vocabulary: nonplused, an adjective.
When the generals refused, Caesar was completely nonplused.
________________________________________

23. Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Herman Melville’s Billy Budd
Nothing especially __________ to the story occurred.
separate
precluded
germane
nonplused

24. Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Herman Melville’s Billy Budd
Nothing especially __________ to the story occurred.
separate
precluded
germane
nonplused

25. From Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome
His sense of relief was so great as to _________ all other feelings.
separate
transfuse
germinate
preclude

26. From Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome
His sense of relief was so great as to _________ all other feelings.
separate
transfuse
germinate
preclude

27. From Herman Melville’s Billy Budd
He was ____________, evincing a confusion.
germane
nonplused
included
pluralistic

28. From Herman Melville’s Billy Budd
He was ____________, evincing a confusion.
germane
nonplused
included
pluralistic