1. ORIGINS & THE EARLY YEARS, 1931-1941

2. TIMELINE 1922: Washington Naval Treaty 1931: The Manchurian Incident 1937: Japan Invades China 1939: Battle of Khalkin-Gol ; Soviets defeat Japanese July,1940: Hideki Tojo becomes Minister of War Sept., 1940: Tripartite Pact signed April,1941: Japan-Soviet Neutrality Treaty signed December 7, 1941: Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

4. JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS ANTI-WESTERN FEELINGS: JAPAN’S MISTRUST OF WESTERN/EUROPEAN ACTIONS ROOTED IN 16 TH /17 TH CENTURY COLONIZATION OF ASIA WHY? FEARFUL OF EFFECT ON JAPAN’s SOCIAL STRUCTURE EXAMPLE: THE SAMURAI (WARRIOR) CLASS FEARED LOSING POWER IF EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC IDEAS INTRODUCED JAPAN’s REACTION: ADOPT WESTERN TECHNOLOGY, BUT KEEP IT CONTROLLED BY JAPANESE EXAMPLE: FIREARMS & NAVAL TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE CONTOLLED / DIRECTED BY THE SAMURAI RESULT? LATE 1800’s = JAPAN HAS DEVELOPED WESTERN-STYLE ARMY & NAVY 1904-05: JAPAN WINS RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1914-18: WWI = JAPAN FIGHTS FOR ALLIES BUT…JAPAN VERSAILLES TREATY FORCES JAPAN TO GIVE UP TERRITORY WON IN RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1922: WASHINTON NAVAL TREATY JAPAN IS DESIGNATED A “SECOND-LEVEL” MILITARY POWER JAPAN HAS # OF BATTLESHIPS LIMITED TO 3/5 of WWI ALLIES WHAT IS THE EFFECT ON JAPANESE MENTALITY? JAPAN IS INSULTED, SUFFERS LOSS OF “FACE” (define) JAPAN WANTS TO ERADICATE INSULTS / LIMITATIONS

6. JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (cont’d.) 1920’s / 1930’s: PROBLEMS IN JAPAN JAPAN CANNOT FEED ITSELF JAPAN DOESN’T HAVE ENOUGH RAW MATERIALS EXAMPLE: METALS RUBBER OIL JAPAN’s ARMY IS EXTREMELY NATIONALISTIC, RACIST, & AGGRESSIVE SOLUTION? TERRITORIAL EXPANSION RESOURCES SHIPPED BACK TO JAPAN FOR PRODUCTION EXPAND WHERE? 2 POSSIBILITIES: “NORTH” or “SOUTH” PLAN #1: CHINA (especially Manchuria) #2: S.E. ASIA (Indochina, Indonesia)

7. JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (cont’d.) 1930’s: EXPANSION INTO CHINA BEGINS 1931: THE MANCHURIAN INCIDENT RESULT? JAPAN NOW HAS FOOTHOLD IN MANCHURIA / CHINA JAPAN’s ARMY IS GROWING MORE POWERFUL NO INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE DOES THIS SOUND FAMILIAR? 1937: JAPAN MOVES INTO CHINA PROPER RESULT? FULL-SCALE INVASION HAS BEGUN JAPANESE INVASION IS BRUTAL & HIGHLY RACIST EXAMPLE? DEC., 1937 RAPE OF NANKING 1939: BATTLE OF KHALKIN-GOL(MONGOLIA) SOVIETS DEFEAT JAPANESE JAPANESE ABANDON “NORTH” PLAN WHY? SEPT., 1940: TRIPARTITE PACT SIGNED RESULT? JAPAN, GERMANY, ITALY ARE ALLIES JAPAN ANNOUNCES “GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE”

8. JAPANESE TROOPS MOVING TOWARDS NANJING, 1937

9. JAPANESE TROOPS HOLDING BAYONET PRACTICE ON CHINESE PRISONERS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

10. JAPANESE BAYONET PRACTICE, CHINA, 1937

11. CHINESE PRISONERS BEING BURIED ALIVE BY JAPANESE TROOPS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

12. CHINESE PRISONERS BEING BEHEADED BY JAPANESE NANJING, CHINA, 1937

13. JAPANESE OFFICER WITH EXECUTION VICTIMS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

14. JAPANESE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE REPORTING UPDATE ON NANJING KILLING “CONTEST” 1937

17. JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (cont’d.) GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE: ANOTHER NAME FOR A JAPANESE-DOMINATED ASIA TOJO WAS PRIMARY SUPPORTER OF IDEA ASIAN WOULD BE FREE OF WESTERN DOMINATION JAPAN WOULD BE LEAD POWER PROBLEM: WESTERN NATIONS HAD TO BE MOVED OUT OF ASIA CHINA WAS CLOSELY ALLIED TO U.S. & BRITS. AUSTRALIA WAS/IS BASICALLY A WESTERN NATION EXPANSION WOULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO WAR W/ WESTERN NATIONS SOLUTION? DEMAND, AND RECEIVE, WESTERN AGREEMENTS TO MOVE OUT OF ASIA, OR… ATTACK & TAKE OUT U.S., BRITISH, FRENCH MILITARY FORCES IN ASIA QUICKLY

20. PREPARING FOR WAR 1941: U.S. BEGINS EMBARGO ON JAPAN: OIL, METAL SHIPMENTS TO JAPAN ARE TERMINATED WHY? U.S. PROTESTS JAPANESE WAR IN CHINA U.S. BEGINS SECRETLY SENDING SUPPLIES TO CHINESE TOJO BECOMES JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER JULY, ‘41: FRENCH ALLOW JAPANESE TO ENTER INDOCHINA U.S. TIGHTENS EMBARGO ON JAPAN JAPAN’s TRADE CUT BY 75% JAPAN OFFERS U.S. 2 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO AVOID WAR: JAPAN WOULD WITHDRAW FROM CHINA IN 25 YEARS JAPAN WOULD WITHDRAW FROM INDOCHINA IF U.S. SELLS JAPAN 1 million tons OF AVAIATION FUEL

21. PREPARING FOR WAR U.S. DEMANDS: JAPAN WILL WITHDRAW FROM CHINA “ “ INDOCHINA JAPAN WILL RECOGNIZE CHAING KAI-SHEK AS THE LEGITIMATE HEAD OF CHINA JAPAN WILL LEAVE THE TRIPARTITE PACT JAPAN’s RESPONSE: U.S. TERMS ARE UNACCEPTABLE NOV. 25 – JAPANESE FORCES HEAD FOR… PEARL HARBOR PHILIPPINES S.E. ASIA INDONESIA DEC. 7, 1941: PEARL HARBOR ATTACKED

22. JAPANESE PLAN; OCCUPATION OF CHINA 1941

25. HIDEKI TOJO

26. HIDEKI TOJO MINISTER OF WAR, PRIME MINISTER, EMPIRE OF JAPAN

27. EMPEROR HIROHITO

28. HIROHITO, EMPEROR OF JAPAN

29. ISORUKU YAMAMATO

30. “IF I AM TOLD TO FIGHT REGARDLESS OF THE CONSEQUENCES, I SHALL RUN WILD FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OR A YEAR, BUT I HAVE UTTERLY NO CONFIDENCE FOR THE SECOND OR THIRD YEAR.” ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMATO

31. PEARL HARBOR REASONS FOR ATTACK: JAPANESE PLAN TO NEUTRALIZE U.S. BATTLE FLEET AT OUTSET JAPANESE PLAN TO DESTROY U.S. CARRIER FORCES NEED TO ALLOW OTHER JAPANESE ASSAULTS (Indonesia, Philippines, etc.) TO NOT BE THREATENED ATTACK: I.J.N. ASSAULT FLEET ATTACKS EARLY A.M., DEC. 7, 1941 ASSAULT PLANES ARE SPOTTED BY U.S. RADAR RADAR WARNINGS ARE IGNORED BY AMERICANS ATTACK BEGINS @ 7:50AM PDT (approx.) PRIMARY TARGETS: U.S. BATTLESHIPS U.S. AIRFIELDS & PLANES U.S. ARICRAFT CARRIERS (not at Pearl Harbor – at sea) RESULTS: 5 MAJOR BATTLESHIPS SUNK 4 HEAVILY DAMAGED 188 U.S. AIRCRAFT DESTROYED 2,345 MILITARY KIA 1,247 MILITARY WIA 57 CIVILIANS KILLED JAPANESE LOSSES: 27 AIRCRAFT DESTROYED, 55 AIRMEN KILLED DEC. 8, 1941: U.S. DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN; U.S. IS NOW OFFICIALLY IN WORLD WAR II

34. PEARL HARBOR NAVAL BASE, DEC., 1941

38. JAPANESE FIGHTERS TAKING OFF FROM CARRIER HIRYU, DEC. 7, 1941

40. NAKAJIMA BN5 “KATE” TORPEDO BOMBER

41. “KATE” TORPEDO BOMBER LOADED WITH TORPEDO

42. AICHI D3A “VAL” DIVE BOMBER

43. AICHI D3A“VAL” DIVE BOMBER `

44. MITSUBISHI A6M “ZERO” FIGHTER

47. ADMIRAL NAGUMO PEARL HARBOR ATTACK FLEET COMMANDER, I.J.N.

48. U.S. COMMANDERS AT PEARL HARBOR ADMIRAL KIMMEL, U.S.N. GENERAL SHORT, U.S.A.

52. BATTLESHIP ROW UNDER TORPEDO ATTACK

56. JAPANESE AERIAL VIEW – BATTLESHIP ROW UNDER ATTACK

57. EXPLOSION OF THE U.S.S. SHAW

58. EXPLOSION OF THE U.S.S. ARIZONA

59. U.S.S. ARIZONA SETTLES ON THE BOTTOM OF PEARL HARBOR

60. U.S.S. OKLAHOMA CAPSIZED; U.S.S. ARIZONA AFTER EXPOLSION

62. JAPANESE AERIAL PHOTO OF PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

64. FDR’s “DAY OF INFAMY” SPEECH TO CONGRESS, DEC. 8, 1941

65. FDR’s “DAY OF INFAMY” SPEECH IN TEXT

66. NEW YORK TIMES, DECEMBER 8, 1941

67. 1941 U.S. PROPAGANDA POSTERS

68. U.S. GOV’T. PROPAGANDA POSTERS, 1941

69. BATTLESHIP ROW, PEARL HARBOR TODAY

70. U.S.S. ARIZONA MEMORIAL, PEALR HARBOR TODAY

72. ARIZONA MEMORIAL, PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII

74. NEWSPAPER FLASH, DECEMBER 7, 1941

75. THE REAL REASON WE WON WORLD WAR II

76. ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMATO, COMMANDER, IMPERIAL JAPANESE FLEET

77. “I FEAR THAT ALL WE HAVE DONE IS TO AWAKEN A SLEEPING GIANT AND FILL HIM WITH A TERRIBLE RESOLVE.” ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO