1. Tobacco
Chapter 21

2. Chemicals in a Cigarette
4,000 different chemicals – ammonia, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol, acetone, etc.
Why do they add all of these chemicals?
Tobacco smoke is classified a Type A carcinogen – cancer causing agent
Type A is the most dangerous

3. Nicotine The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
Stimulant- a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs
Raises blood pressure, heart rate, and contributes to heart disease and stroke

4. Tar A thick, sticky, dark fluid that is produced when tobacco burns
Destroys cilia (tiny hair like structures that line the upper respiratory system and protect against infection)
Damages alveoli (air sacs responsible for oxygen exchange)
Damages lung tissue making you more susceptible to diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and cancer

5. Long/Short Term Effects of Tobacco
What are the long and short term effects of tobacco use?
“Harmful effects”
Pipes and cigars- pg 541
Smokeless tobacco- pg 542
Tobacco- pg

6. Carbon Monoxide Colorless, odorless and poisonous gas
CO replaces oxygen in the blood & deprives cells & tissues of oxygen
Increases risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries

7. Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Mainstream smoke: exhaled from smoker’s lungs
Sidestream smoke: smoke from the end of a burning cigarette
Effects:
Headache
Irritated eyes
Cough
Each year 3,000 people get lung cancer as a result of ETS

8. Cigars and Pipe Tobacco
Not a safe alternative
Contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide
Increased risk of lip, mouth, and throat cancer

9. Smokeless Tobacco NOT a safe alternative
Delivers nicotine and carcinogens at 2-3 times that of 1 cigarette
Cancer of throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, & mouth

10. Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer
Contains 28 carcinogens
Strongly associated with leukoplakia—a precancerous lesion of the soft tissue in the mouth that consists of a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off.
Associated with recession of the gums, gum disease, and tooth decay.

11. Oral Cancer-smokeless tobacco

12. Smoked tobacco Discoloration of teeth, nails, and skin
Chronic Bronchitis – coughing and mucus secretion
Emphysema: disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs
Lung Cancer: two – three years before death

13. Smoker’s Lung

14. All tobacco products
Heart disease and stroke: nicotine constricts blood flow and causes plaque build-up on artery walls