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Tobacco 101 [Insert your name and information here] 1
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Overview Traditional tobacco Commercial tobacco Smokeless tobacco
Tobacco & Cancer Tobacco & Diabetes Tobacco & Secondhand smoke 2
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Traditional Tobacco Stories
Many indigenous nations have traditional stories of how tobacco was introduced to their communities. Many stories emphasized the sacredness of the plant and its powers to both heal if used properly and to harm us if used improperly! Some say that the original tobacco was discovered about 18,000 years ago. 3
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Traditional Tobacco Uses
Tobacco was used by our Medicine People for both healing and blessings. Used as a smudge… to ward off pests when the people went out to hunt and gather (the original version of “OFF”) because it contains nicotine, a natural pesticide. Given as a gift when welcoming guests to the community & as an offering to those requested to pray or share their wisdom. 4
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Traditional Vs. Commercial
Tobacco TRADITIONAL COMMERCIAL Smoked in a pipe for ceremonial purposes Used as an offering to a healer, elder or other person as a sign of respect or thanks Medicinal tobacco was often used as a painkiller Deliberate targeting of specific consumer groups Premeditated and conscious addition of chemicals that lead to addiction Scarcely contains actual tobacco 5
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Commercial Tobacco Contents
4000 Chemicals 40 Cancer causing agents 500 Poisons 6
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Nicotine Poisonous More addictive than cocaine and heroine
So powerful that farmers can’t use it to kill insects Legal addiction Use results in emotional dependence Mood leveler Users rely on it to control emotional responses to everyday life 7
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Carbon Monoxide The compound in car exhaust that causes death
Causes shortness of breath Reduces the amount of oxygen blood can carry 8
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Tar Sticky Residue that stains the fingers and teeth.
Contains benzopyrene, one of the deadliest cancer causing agents known. 9
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Chemicals Acetone: fingernail polish remover
Ammonia: floor/toilet cleaner Cadmium: batteries Arsenic: rat poison Methane: cow manure fumes Formaldehyde: preserver of dead bodies 10
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Metals Aluminum Magnesium Zinc Silicon Titanium Silver Lead Copper
Mercury Heavy metals 11
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Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit
On a milligram for milligram basis, is 10 times more potent than heroin as an addictive substance Smoking is an over-learned behavior Pack/day smoker estimates 6 doses (puffs)/cigarette 20 cigarettes per day = 43,800 doses per year! Few behaviors occur more often. . . Breathing Blinking 12
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Withdrawal Symptoms Nicotine Hard Habit to Quit Anxiety 87% *
Irritability 80% * Difficulty Concentrating 73% * Restlessness 71% Tobacco Cravings 62% Gastrointestinal Problems 33% Headaches 24% Drowsiness 22% * Pharmacotherapies can help address these problems 13
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Tobacco Health Effects
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Tobacco Health Effects
CDC SAMMEC, MMWR 1993; 42:645-9. 15
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Tobacco Facts & Stats 40% of all AN/AN deaths can be attributed to commercial tobacco use 50% of AI/AN teens reported some type of cigarette use (highest rate in the nation, out of all ethnic populations and age groups) 21% of AI/AN teens reported using smokeless tobacco Teens are 3 times more likely to smoke if parent or sibling smokes Tobacco use among American Indian Adolescents: protective and risk factors. J. of Ad. H., 2001 16
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Tobacco Facts & Stats AI/AN’s 40.8% African Americans 22.4%
Whites % Hispanics % Asian American/ % Pacific Islanders National Health Interview Survey, US 2001 17
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Tobacco Facts & Stats U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Groups- African Americans, American Indian and Alaska Natives, Asian Americans Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics: A Report Of the Surgeon General. (Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease ControlAnd Prevention, 1998.) 18
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Tobacco Facts & Stats 85% of teenagers who smoke two or more cigarettes completely, and overcome the initial discomforts of smoking, will become regular smokers. In a study of high school seniors, only 5% of those who smoked believed they would still be smoking two years after graduation. In fact, 75% were still smoking eight years later. One-third to one-half of young people who try cigarettes go on to be daily smokers. 19
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Tobacco Costs Every pack of cigarettes sold in the U.S. costs the community $7.18 in medical care costs and lost productivity IHS estimates $200 million is spent each year to treat tobacco related diseases $75 billion in direct medical costs associated with tobacco use each year in U.S. $82 billion unrealized due to loss of productivity as a result of tobacco abuse 20
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Tobacco Individual Costs
A pack a day habit… 1 Year = $1, Years = $16, Years = $33,600 21
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Tobacco Facts & Stats “If not one single young person started smoking from this day forward these losses [more than 400,000 deaths per year] would still continue unabated for 30 years.” C. Everett Koop (US Surgeon General ) 22
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Smokeless Tobacco Facts & Stats
Chew, Snuff, plug, leaf, and dip are all forms of smokeless tobacco If you hold the average-sized dip in your mouth for 30 minutes you get as much nicotine as you would from 2-3 cigarettes American Indian teenage girls have the highest prevalence rates of spit tobacco 43 % of Indian youth in the Northwest use spit tobacco 23
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Smokeless Tobacco Facts & Stats
Contains 28 cancer-causing chemicals One can of Copenhagen is equal to 3 packs of cigarettes Snuff dippers consume on average 10 times more cancer-causing substances (nitrosamines -- chemicals from the curing process) than cigarette smokers Source: American Cancer Society. (1999) Quitting Smoking. Atlanta, GA. 24
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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
Tooth Abrasion Gum Disease Gum Recession Heart Disease and Stroke Cancer in the mouth, pharynx (voice box), esophagus and pancreas. 25
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Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
Increased heart rate Increased blood pressure Bad breath Reduced sense of smell 26
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Tobacco & Cancer Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death among Indian women Women’s death rates due to lung cancer have risen 600% since 1950 About 90% of all lung cancer deaths are attributable to smoking Chewing tobacco and snuff contain 28 different carcinogens Source: National Cancer Institute. (1998) Questions and Answers About Smokeless Tobacco and Cancer, Bethesda, MD. 27
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Tobacco & Cancer Smoking is a major cause of cancers of the oropharynx (base of the tongue) and bladder among women. Women who smoke have increased risks for cancers of the pancreas and kidney. Larynx and esophagus cancer rates are also elevated. 28
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Tobacco & Cancer Healthy lungs Small cell cancer in Smoker’s lung
Cancerous tumor in the lung 29
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Tobacco & Cancer Research shows that smokers infected with human papillomavirus have greater risk of developing invasive cervical cancer than nonsmokers with the virus. Indian women have cervical cancer rates 3.5 times the national average. Tobacco is one of the behavioral factors considered to elevate the risk of cervical cancer. Dr. Carolyn D Runowicz, a gynecologic oncologist, and member of the Am cancer society’s national board of directors. The chemicals in cigarettes may weaken the ability to fight off the infection. 30
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Tobacco & Diabetes Smoking and Diabetes both reduce the amount of oxygen reaching your bodily tissues, resulting in poor circulation. Smoking raises your blood sugar level making it harder to control your diabetes. Of people with diabetes who need amputations, 95% are smokers. Smoking cuts the amount of oxygen reaching tissues. The decrease in oxygen can lead to a heart attack, stroke, miscarriage or stillbirth People with diabetes are at risk for blood vessel injury, which may be severe enough to cause tissue damage in the legs and feet. Smoking increases your cholesterol levels and the levels of other fats in your blood, increasing your risk of a heart attack Diabetes cuts the amount of oxygen reaching your bodily tissues, resulting in poor circulation. Diabetes causes blood vessels of the feet and legs to narrow and harden, resulting in nerve and tissue damage (neuropathy) sometimes leading to amputation. Neuropathy lessens your ability to feel pain, heat or cold. Loss of feeling means foot injuries may go un-noticed and serious infection may set in. Poor circulation lessens the body’s ability to fight infection and to heal. 31
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Tobacco & Diabetes Nicotine is a vessel constrictor, reducing the body’s blood flow. Smoking increases cholesterol levels and hardens arteries. Diabetes increases cholesterol levels and the levels of some other fats in your blood. The combined cardiovascular risks of smoking and diabetes is as high as 14 times those of either smoking or diabetes alone. 32
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Tobacco & Diabetes Together, diabetes and tobacco use make it twice as likely that you will develop heart and blood vessel disease. People with diabetes who smoke are 3 times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than are other people with diabetes. Deaths from heart disease in women with diabetes have increased 23% over the past 30 years compared to a 27% decrease in women without diabetes. CVD is a major complication and the leading cause of premature death among people with diabetes—at least 65 percent of people with diabetes die from heart disease or stroke.1 Adults with diabetes are two to four times more likely to have heart disease or suffer a stroke than people without diabetes. Middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes have the same high risk for heart attack as people without diabetes who already have had a heart attack.2, 3 Relatively small improvements in blood glucose (sugar), lipids, and blood pressure values result in decreased risk for diabetes complications. 33
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Secondhand Smoke Smoke breathed out by a smoker and smoke from the burning end of cigarettes, cigars, pipes Composed of nearly 4,000 different chemicals and over 150 toxins including carbon monoxide 34
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Children & Secondhand Smoke
38% of children aged 2 months to 5 years are exposed to SHS in the home. Up to 2,000,000 ear infections each year Nearly 530,000 doctor visits for asthma Up to 436,000 episodes of bronchitis in children under five Up to 190,000 cases of pneumonia in children under five More upper respiratory infections More bronchitis and pneumonia More ear infections and hearing problems Higher rate of SIDS More cases of asthma More severe symptoms in children who already have asthma 35
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Children & Secondhand Smoke
Coughing and wheezing Asthma Sore throats and colds Eye irritation Hoarseness 36
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Pregnancy & Secondhand Smoke
Pregnant women exposed to ETS 6 hours a day pass carcinogens to the blood of unborn ETS for 2 hours a day causes 2 times risk of low birth weight Miscarriage Prematurity Low birth weight Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Children of smokers have higher cholesterol levels, more prone to heart disease, more susceptible to respiratory infections, asthma, ear infections, and anemia 37
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What You Can Do… If you smoke quit as soon as possible!
Do not allow smoking inside your home or car – protect others from Secondhand smoke. Get involved with tobacco awareness campaigns – let others know about the risk! Children of smokers have higher cholesterol levels, more prone to heart disease, more susceptible to respiratory infections, asthma, ear infections, and anemia 38
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When You Quit… 39 Within 20 Minutes: Blood pressure drops to normal
Pulse rate returns to normal Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal Within 8 Hours: Carbon Monoxide level in blood drops to normal Oxygen level in blood increases to normal Smoker's breath disappears Within 24 Hours: Your chance of a heart attack decreases. Within 48 Hours: Nerve endings start to re-grow Your ability to smell and taste is enhanced 39
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When You Quit… 40 Within 72 Hours:
Bronchial tubes relax making it easier to breathe. Lung capacity increases making it easier to do physical activities Within 2 weeks - 3 months: Circulation improves Walking becomes easier Lung function increases up to 30 % Within months: Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease Energy level increases Cilia re-grow in lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean lungs, reduce infection 40
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When You Quit… Within One Year:
Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker Within Two Years: Heart attack risk drops to near normal Within 5 Years: Lung cancer death rate for average pack-a-day smoker decreases by almost half Stroke risk is reduced Risk of mouth, throat and esophageal cancer is half that of a smoker 41
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When You Quit… Within 10 Years:
Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of a person who does not smoke. The pre-cancerous cells are replaced. Within 15 Years: Risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a person who has never smoked. 42
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Thank you! Questions Comments Stories 43
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