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Anti-authoritarian movements in West Germany
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„1968 was the fall from grace which brought the Germans foreigners, feminism and other horrors“ Rainer Zittelmann „The spirit of 1968 civilized the Germans“ and „the late 60s are a social refoundation of the republic“ Antje Vollmer
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Domestic problems leading to the formation of the APO Deployment of nuclear weapons in Germany (1958) „The German education catastrophe“ (1964) Spiegel affair (1962) – debate about freedom of press Grand coalition (1966) formation of APO 1966
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Außerparlamentarische Opposition APO
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APO 1966-68
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Death of student Benno Ohnesorg 1967
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Leader of the student movement Rudi Dutschke
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Baader-Meinhof-Gang / Rote Armee Fraktion Andreas Baader Gudrun Ensslin Ulrike Meinhof Train in the Near East (links with PLO) Attack Axel Springer (populist editor), US military bases, symbols of capitalism
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„German autumn“ RAF trials 1975-77 Second generation of terrorists try to free the accused They kidnap and assassinate Buback, Ponto and Schleyer in 1977
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Anti-nuclear movement Oil crisis in 1973: German government decides to build 40 new nuclear power plants „If a nuclear power plant was to be built not far from where you live – would you approve or disapprove of it?“
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Campaigners in Wackersdorf
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Peace movement Bonn 1983
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Die Grünen 1983: coalition with SPD in Hessen (Joschka Fischer secretary for the environment) 1983: first appearance in Bundestag 1998: coalition with SPD in Berlin (Bonn) (Joschka Fischer secretary of state)
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Joschka Fischer, secretary of state 1998-2006
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Joschka Fischer… 1968 1974
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Joschka Fischer… 1986 1998
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Squatters in the 70s and 80s
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Campaigners (including Heinrich Böll) at Mutlangen 1983
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Debate about article 218 / abortion 1972 „Stern“debate 1974 legislation allows abortion within first three months 1975 revocation by Federal Constitutional Court 1976 abortion criminal offense unless there is an „indication“
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Population change: surplus of births (+) / deaths (-) in the FRG
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„Guestworkers“ 1955: Italy 1960:Greece, Spain 1961: Turkey 1964: Portugal 1968: Yugoslavia
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Guestworkers in the FRG
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Guestworkers in the FRG (mio)
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Settling in ?
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Still a guestworker after 40 years?
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