1. Culture V – Ethnicity and Race

2. Ethnicity vs. Race Ethnic Group or Ethnicity Race
Cultural traits shared by a group of people
Closely linked w/Nationality
Nationality is identity w/a group of people through legal attachment (country of origin)
Race
Characteristics that can be transmitted genetically from parent to offspring
Physical characteristics of a common genetic heritage
African American vs. Black

3. Counting the Races US Census What is this information used for?
US Census race classifications
Population Estimates
What is this information used for?
What is the purpose of knowing the races?
What do people identify more with, race or ethnicity?

4. Race in the USA
Historically, race relations in the USA has been to discourage of spatial interaction
Laws and policies
Cultural preferences or discrimination
Based on racism
“Separate but Equal” – 1896
“Jim Crow” laws
Housing and Ghettos

5. Race in the USA Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, KS – 1954
“White Flight” and “Blockbusting”
Detroit
Whites
1950 – 1.7 million
1960 – 1.3 million
1970 – 900,000
1980 – 500,000
1990 – 300,000
2000 – 200,000
Blacks
1950 – 300,000
1960 – 500,000
1970 – 700,000
1990 – 800,000
2000 – 800,000

6. Race in South Africa Apartheid
Established by whites – Boers/Afrikaners
British defeated Boers in 1902
1948 – Afrikaners gained control of gov’t through elections
Newborns classified in to 1 of 4 races
White, black, colored (mix), or Asian
Established 10 “homelands” for blacks

7. Race in South Africa End of Apartheid
1991 – white dominated gov’t repealed laws
African National Congress legalized
Nelson Mandela released from jail after 27 years
Nelson Mandela was elected president in 1994

8. Distribution of Ethnicities in the USA
2 largest ethnic groups
Hispanic or Latino – 14%
African American – 12%
Distribution of ethnicities at 2 scales
Within regions of a country
Within neighborhoods of cities

9. Distribution of African Americans in the USA

10. Distribution of Hispanic Americans in the USA

11. Concentration of Ethnicities in Cities
African Americans
¼ of Americans live in cities
½ of African Americans live in cities MI
Detroit - 85%
Rest of State – 7%
Hispanic Americans
North – similar to African Americans
South CA
Los Angeles – 50%
Rest of State – state average TX
San Antonio and El Paso – 50%

12. Concentration of Ethnicities in Neighborhoods
Ethnic Groups in Chicago
Immigration in early 20th century to Northern cities due to manufacturing industries
Ethnic groups clustered in neighborhoods – chain migration
Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles

13. African American Migration Patterns
Immigration from Africa in the 18th century

14. African American Migration Patterns
Immigration from South to North during 1st half of 20th century
WWI
WWII

15. African American Migration Patterns
Immigration from inner-city ghettos to other urban neighborhoods