1. Nervous system/Sensory Organs
Same size as fish
No care process for young
Small cerebrum
Sight-well developed
Good size optic lobe
top
Detect prey
Eyelids
Nictitating membrane
“goggles” while swimming
Keep eyes moist

2. 1) Olfactory lobe (scent)
-connects to nostrils (draws in odors from water) by nerves
2) Cerebrum
- reasoning
- maternal care
- controls higher brain functions
3) Optic lobe
- sight (lens, optic nerve)
- hearing
4) Cerebellum
- coordinates balance/movement
5) Medulla
- controls internal organs
6) Spinal cord
- nerves transmitted

3. Nervous System/Sensory Organs
Sound- tympanic membrane
Pick up vibrations
Connects to Eustachian Tube
NOT EARS!!!!
Smell-Nares
Internal & External
High Set

4. Sight:
Eyes: Covered with nictitating membrane
-clear covering
-lower eyelid
-like googles

5. In many species only the males make crocking sound.
Frogs bring in air through nostrils. Mouth fills with air, as the air is forced back and forth between mouth and lungs it passes through the vocal sac. Vocal sac produces sound.
In many species only the males make crocking sound.

6. To support force of jump
Skeletal System
Land/terrestrial animals rely on an endoskeleton for support.
Inner skeletal system
Few modifications for being successful jumping:
Few vertebrae
Bones in forearm are fused
Radio-ulna
Bones in hindlimb are larger than others and fused
Tibiofibula
To support force of jump

7. Digestive System Larvae-herbivores Adult-carnivores
Digestion starts in the mouth
2 kinds of teeth
Used for gripping/holding prey and forcing it down gullet
DO NOT CHEW!!!!!

8. Food proceeds to the:
Pharynx (back of throat)
Gullet (opening to esophagus)
Esophagus
-very elastic, allows them to swallow large prey.
Stomach
-Where protein digestion occurs using gastric juices

9. Small intestine Large intestine No pyloric caeca
Proteins, lipids, & carbs. Digestion
Get enzymes from: pancreas
liver
gall bladder
Held in place with mesentery (cloudy membrane)
Food molecules absorbed into blood
Large intestine
NO DIGESTION
Removes excess H2O
Storage of undigested food until sent to cloaca to be removed
heart
Small intestines
liver
Large intestines

10. Cloaca Vent Similar to the urogenital opening BUT…
Digestive AND urogenital systems meet here
Stores urine, sex cells, & feces until released
Vent
Similar to anus BUT everything exists here-
urine, sex cells, feces.

11. The VENT ………
(the end for those lacking a sense of humor!!)

12. Circulatory System
Larvae (fish-like)
1 loop system
2 chambered heart

13. Adult:
2 loop system
3 chambered heart

14. 2 Loop Circulatory System
Pulmonary Circulation
blood travels from heart to lungs and back to heart
Systemic Circulation
blood travels from heart to body and back to heart

15. Advantage of 2 loop system:
-faster blood flow to body
-heart pumps blood to lungs then the heart pumps the blood to the rest of the body.

16. 3 Chambered Heart: Right atrium Left atrium Ventricle Oxygenated blood
to the body
Deoxygenated blood
to the lungs
Oxygenated blood
from lungs
Deoxygenated blood
from the body
Right atrium
Left atrium
Ventricle

17. 3 chambered heart is inefficient because the “clean” and “dirty” blood mix in the ventricle.

18. Pathway of blood: 1. O2 blood from lungs enters left atrium.
cLean blood = left side
2. CO2 blood from body enters right atrium
diRty blood = right side
3. Heart pumps sending O2 blood and CO2
blood into the ventricle. Both blood types mix.
4. Heart pumps forcing “clean” blood to body and “dirty” blood to the lungs.

19. Respiratory system: Larvae:
-respire or exchange O2 and CO2 through gills and skin
Adults:
-respire through lungs and skin

20. 2 types: Respire through moist skin-cutaneous respiration
Respire with lungs –pulmonary respiration
Lungs

21. Nostrils
Glottis
(opening to trachea)
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Air sacs
of lungs

22. Excretory System -Primary organ of excretion is the two kidneys.
-Filters nitrogenous/cellular waste out of the blood.
-Waste and excess water collected travel through ureter to the bladder as urine.
-Passes into cloaca.
-Exits out the vent.

24. Excretory System
                                            
Kidney
Uterer
Cloaca
Bladder

25. Reproductive System

26. Reproductive System Male Frog: Sperm made in testes
Travels through sperm ducts to cloaca
Exits out vent
Enlarged thumbs

27. Reproductive System Female Frog: Eggs made in ovaries
Travel along oviduct where jelly-coating is applied
Eggs empty out into cloaca & exit out vent when amplexus occurs

28. Fat Bodies Female Eggs & Oviducts
Fall: Large amounts…..getting ready for hibernation
Spring: Small amounts…..used during hibernation as energy supply.

29. See “Love is In the Air”

30. Fun Bio-Nerdy Amphibian Facts
Group of frogs= Army
Group of toads= Knot

31. Fears… Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians
Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs. Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.

32. Smallest frog= ~1cm

33. Largest Frog= 30cm

34. Close Eyes to Swallow

35. Toads CANNOT give you warts!!!
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

36. Gastric-Brooding Frog

37. Glass Frog-See Heart Beating

38. The End-Hop to It!!!