1. Mobile Accessibility Overview November 6th, 2013

2. Agenda About Me Current Landscape Standards and Laws User Demographics Benefits and Challenges iOS based products Android® Windows Phone®/Windows 8 Blackberry® Strategies For Accessible Apps User Impact App Development Resources

3. About Me SSB BART Group Experience Accessibility Focus Solutions That Manage Risk Real World Approach Excellence at Scale Intelligence That Is Up-to-Date, All the Time Jonathan Avila Chief Accessibility Officer SSB BART Group Computer Science background 15 years in field Develop best practices to meet standards Experience: Mobile, Web, PDF, Flash, MSAA Collaborate on accessibility methodology for repeatable, consistent evaluation process Standards tracking (CVAA, WCAG, Section 508, etc.)

4. Current Landscape Platforms Smartphones and Tablets Platforms –iOS –Android –Windows –Blackberry

5. Laws and Standards Overview CVAA –ACS –Video programming Section 255 Section 508 47 CFR 20.19 –HAC mobile handsets WCAG 2 Level A and AA Mandate M376 ADA

6. User Demographics WebAIM Survey #4 for Screen Reader Accessibility iOS –Popular for blind and visually impaired users –Percentage of users with disabilities greater than general population Android –Percentage of blind/visually impaired users less than general population Symbian/Windows Mobile –Percent of users with disabilities dropping

7. User Impact Overview Blind –Keyboard/accessible touchscreen –Name, role, state, and properties –Dynamically updating content Low vision –Visual focus, size of content –Color and contrast –Complexity of layout/size of content Motor Impairment –Touch-screen/D-pad access, visual focus –Alternative input, one handed operation

8. User Impact Overview (cont.) Reading Disabilities –Complexity/distractions of page –Consistent use of icons and text –Spacing, color and size of elements –Dynamically updating content Photosensitive Epilepsy –Blinking and moving content Deaf/Hard of hearing: –Use of multimedia and audio content –Auditory feedback (sound notifications)

9. Smart Phones and Tablets Apps That Benefit Users with Disabilities Light detector Color identifier Money identifier Barcode reader Video magnifier Flashlight OCR Daisy book reader GPS Point of sale services Voice memos Grocery finder Switch enabled apps Mobile learning Control of video programming TTY Text relay Video relay/chat FCC Clearinghouse

10. Smart Phones and Tablets A compelling platform for many assistive technologies Sample Capabilities –Visual capture –Image recognition and processing –Location based services –Integrated, adaptive communications –Plain language control (Siri, GoogleNow Cortana) –Processing power to spare The future of assistive technologies? OG reading machine New school reading machine

11. Smart Phones and Tablets Challenges Hearing aid incompatibility Apps that do not follow accessibility API –No app store rating for accessibility –Third party sites rank accessible apps Touchscreens without alternatives Inaccessible browsers Missing assistive technologies or features Difficulty upgrading Inconsistencies between manufacturers

12. iPhone and iOS Assistive Technology and Features Includes all iPads, iPhone 3gs+, iPod Touch 4th+ Many of the same ATs found in Mac OS –VoiceOver (VO) Alternative touch screen access Speech output with audio cues Refreshable Braille support –Zoom Magnifies entire screen w/ panning –Assistive Touch Allows single touch access to gestures

13. iPhone and iOS Assistive Technology and Features (cont.) Switch Control –Single touch switch access to actionable controls Captions TTY support Custom vibrations Mono audio Visual alerts

14. iPhone and iOS Assistive Technology and Features (cont.) Invert Colors –Changes dark colors to light and light colors to dark Large text Bold text Increased contrast Reduce motion Guided Access –Aid to restrict access to app or region within an app

15. iPhone and iOS Input Methods Capacitive Touch Screen –Styli designed for touch screen –Alternative gestures with VO –Assistive touch Alternative Methods: –Bluetooth keyboards Limited external keyboard access without VO –Bluetooth Braille display entry –Speech recognition Siri & Third party apps for dictation –Accessible on-screen keyboard No system-wide custom keyboard

16. iPhone and iOS Assistive Technology Versions When OS is upgraded AT upgrades To upgrade AT must upgrade OS Activate/deactivate via phone or iTunes Access to standard phone features Access to third party and built-in apps Many accessible third party apps

17. Android Assistive Technology and Features Open source platform initially developed by Google Assistive technology such as Talkback included in Android 4.3 OS –Support varies in prior versions Talkback screen reader –Explore by touch support in Android 4.1+ –Supports on-screen keyboard –Speech output with audio cues –Braille displays supported –Latest version required for many features

18. Android Assistive Technology and Features (cont.) Screen magnifier available in 4.2+ Captions supported by media player API Other third party screen readers available Custom on-screen system-wide keyboards available Some manufacturers –Hearing aid compatible –Mono audio –Inverse colors –TTY

19. Android Phone with keyboard, and/or Directional pad (D-pad), or Touchscreen only devices –May by resistance or capacitance screens Dictation and Speech Control –GoogleNow –Google Voice cloud based services –Third party applications from Nuance Input Types

20. Android Assistive Technology Versions Can upgrade OS and AT separately AT support is limited on older versions of OS OS upgrades not available for many devices Access to standard phone features Access to third party and built-in apps Many accessible third party apps

21. Windows Phone Overview Replaces Windows Mobile No accessibility layer in Windows Phone 8 OS –No built-in screen reader Bundled with alternative apps (Code Factory) Support magnification; large text; high contrast Feature like talking caller id, speak SMS Windows 8 tablets (e.g. Microsoft Surface) –Narrator supports touchscreen and IE 10 –Touchscreen magnification feature –Built-in apps are directly accessible –Support high contrast theme in Windows 8

22. Blackberry Version 10.2 –System touch screen reader on Z30 Version 10 - Z10 and Q10 –No screen reader or accessibility API Version < 10 –Accessibility API in version 4.6 and above –Older Screen reader available All versions –Color inversion and gray scale color mode –Text enlargement/magnification –One-handed operation including sticky keys Assistive Technology and Features

23. Blackberry Assistive Technology and Features (cont.) Hearing aid compatibility Visual, audible, and vibration notifications Closed captioning support for multimedia Support for connection to a TTY device Browser Zoom Voice dialing Video Chat Some models –Tactilely discernible keyboard

24. Strategies for Accessible Apps Recommendations Mobile Apps –Focus on iOS and Android –WCAG 2 Level A and AA and Section 508 Web Apps –HTML 5 and ARIA based –WCAG 2 Level A and AA –Responsive design and progressive enhancement Embedded Web Apps (WebView) –Supported with Talkback (issues with some pages) –Supported with iOS

25. Strategies for Accessible Apps Recommendations (cont.) PhoneGap (uses web view) –Supported in iOS –Near future support for Android PDF and Word Documents –Most apps only render text –No heading, table or alt text indication –Adobe Reader follows Order panel eBook Readers –EPUB 3 standard Rapid Development and eLearning Tools –AIR apps do not expose accessibility

26. Strategies for Accessible Apps Recommendations (cont.) Normative Testing –Accessibility Inspector –Adobe Edge Inspect –Screenshot testing for contrast Functional/Use Case Testing –End users with disabilities –Core tasks of the app –Different end user personas

27. App Development Overview iOS –Cocoa /Objective-C/Xcode –Accessibility Inspector –Apple’s Human Interface Guidelines –Set label, traits, hint, frame and value –Notifications Android OS –Keyboard accessible UI elements –Label widgets –Accessibility events for custom view components –Use Lint for Accessibility Checking

28. Resources iOS Accessibility Best Practices https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology _platform_id=222 https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology _platform_id=222 Android Accessibility Best Practices https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology _platform_id=286 https://www.webaccessibility.com/best_practices.php?technology _platform_id=286 Designing for Accessibility (Android) http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/design/accessibility. html http://developer.android.com/guide/practices/design/accessibility. html iOS Accessibility http://developer.apple.com/technologies/ios/accessibility.html http://developer.apple.com/technologies/ios/accessibility.html Blackberry Accessibility Overview http://us.blackberry.com/support/devices/blackberry_accessibility/ http://us.blackberry.com/support/devices/blackberry_accessibility/

29. Resources Accessibility Management Platform (AMP) http://amp.ssbbartgroup.com http://amp.ssbbartgroup.com iOS app accessibility rating http://applevis.com/http://applevis.com/ Accessible Android app lists http://androidaccess.net/http://androidaccess.net/ BBC Mobile Accessibility Standards and Guidelines http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility /mobile_access.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility /mobile_access.shtml Bridging Apps connects children with disabilities with appropriate apps http://bridgingapps.org/http://bridgingapps.org/ WebAIM Survey for Screen reader accessibility http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey3/ http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey3/

30. Next Steps SSB BART Group www.ssbbartgroup.com Jonathan Avila jon.avila@ssbbartgroup.com