1. Syntax
2nd class
Chapter 4

2. Syntactic Categories That glass suddenly broke.
A jogger ran toward the end of the lane.
These dead trees might block the road.
The detective quickly looked through the records.
The peaches appear quite ripe.
Jack will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.

3. Those guests have left S
NP Aux VP

4. Those guests have left S
NP Aux VP
Det N
those guests

5. Those guests have left S
NP Aux VP
Det N have
those guests

6. Those guests have left S
NP Aux VP
Det N have V
those guests left

7. Maria ate a brownie S
NP Aux VP

8. Maria ate a brownie S
NP Aux VP N
Maria

9. Maria ate a brownie S
NP Aux VP
N past
Maria

10. Maria ate a brownie S
NP Aux VP
N past V NP
Maria ate det N
a brownie

11. That shelf will fall S
NP Aux VP

12. That shelf will fall S
NP Aux VP
Det N
that shelf

13. That shelf will fall S
NP Aux VP
Det N will
those guests

14. That shelf will fall S
NP Aux VP
Det N will V
that shelf fall

15. The glass broke S
NP Aux VP

16. The glass broke S
NP Aux VP
Det N
the glass

17. The glass broke S
NP Aux VP
Det N past
the glass

18. The glass broke S
NP Aux VP
Det N past V
the glass broke

19. Syntactic Trees The pretty girl ate the sandwich quickly.
This house is full of love.
She is working in the park.
The cat and the dog are enemies.
I saw Peter or Paul in the mall.

20. Ambiguous sentences (Structural ambiguity)
I shot an elephant in underwear.
The cat chased the dog in the park.
He saw the robber with a binocular.

21. Types of Verbs Intransitive verbs: do not take an NP e.g., I sleep
Transitive: take an NP (object)
e.g., I met her in the mall.
Ditransitive: take 2 NPs (or 1 NP and 1 PP)
e.g., I gave my wife a gift.
Linking: describes the subject.
e.g., You look marvelous; She became a doctor; I feel dizzy; I am fine
Verbs with sentential complements: followed by a whole sentence.
e.g., The ancients believed (that) the earth was flat.

22. What kind of verb? He is very boring. I like vegetables and fruits.
I saw my friend yesterday.
I sold my car to my boss.
She told me the truth.
I feel bad.
I think that you should go to the party.
Peter gave Mark the cheese.
Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.
Carlos wonders if Peter is afraid of him.
Peter gave the cheese to Mark.

23. Embedded sentences
I think that you should go to the party.

24. Embedded sentences
Paul realized that Maria fed the baby.

25. Rules S  NP Aux VP NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv) (CP)
PP  P NP
AP  Adj (PP)
CP  Comp S