1. KNR 273 Definition of Profession / History of TR

2. Overview  Questions about syllabus  Definition of profession  History of TR

3. What is a Profession?  A skilled profession performed for pay  Requires extensive education  Altruistic calling to meet a public need & to profession  Professional organization as major reference  Follows a code of ethics and standards of practice  Base practices on acceptable & scientific theories & principles

4. What is a Profession?  Body of knowledge Theory History Technical knowledge

5. TR Knowledge  Know-how Technical knowledge (documentation, programming)  Know-what Purposes of TR  Know-why Theory Know-whether Moral judgment, ethics  Know-who

6. A TR Professional…  Continues to grow and learn  Follows the TR process  Services based on a practice model  Uses evidence-based practice  Provides professional service & community service  Contributes to the body of knowledge

7. History of TR  Why study the history of TR?  Knowing roots of a profession is critical to understand the present & shape the future Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995)

8. TR History  Carter, Van Andel, & Robb (1995)  Since the dawn of time  1800-1935: Prenatal  1935-1965: Birth and Infancy  1966-1980: Childhood  1981-1990: Adolescence  1991-present: Young Adulthood

9. 1800-1935: Prenatal  Health care reform Phillippe Pinel – moral treatment Benjamin Rush – therapeutic value of recreation for psychiatric clients Florence Nightingale – humanitarian institutional reform  Development of a public & private hospital system Dorthea Dix – more institutions to decrease overcrowding in jails

10. 1800-1935 (Cont.)  Rise of playground movement Industrial Revolution Luther Gulick – YMCA Joseph Lee – Playground Assoc. of America  Recreation as a tool in rehabilitation Lincoln State School and Colony in IL – study that folks with DD made better adjustment with play activities American Red Cross - WWI

11. 1935-1965: Birth & Infancy  WWII & Red Cross Recreation programs in hospitals Provide meaningful recreation for pleasure and enjoyment Recreation for all End  Menninger Clinic Recreation as treatment or therapy Treat or remediate illness or disability Means to end

12. 1935-1965 (Cont.)  1948: Hospital Recreation Section (HRS) of American Recreation Society  1952: Recreation Therapy Section of American Association for Health, PE, and Recreation  1953: National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART)  1953: Council for Advancement of Hospital Recreation

13. 1935-1965 (Cont.)  1956: Voluntary Registration Plan  1955-1959: 1 st textbooks  Educational programs also began in this period  1963: “Therapeutic Recreation” term used

14. 1966-1980: Childhood  1965: National Recreation and Park Association  1966: National Therapeutic Recreation Society  1967: Therapeutic Recreation Journal started  1971: 1 st Midwest Symposium on TR  1976: NRPA/AALR set standards for TR curricula

15. 1981-1990: Adolescence  1981: National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)  1982: NTRS Philosophical Position Statement  1984: American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA)  1987: ATRA Philosophical Statement Modified therapy

16. 1990-Present: Young Adulthood  1987: NCTRC job analysis  1990: 1 st NCTRC exam  1993: ATRA try to change to ARTA American Recreation Therapy Assoc.  1998: Alliance for Therapeutic Recreation  1999: Crisis in higher education – not enough PhDs

17. 1990-Present: Young Adulthood  2005: Therapeutic Recreation Education Conference  2007: ARTA voted down in 2009  2009: ATRA definition with controversy

18. Ch..Ch..Changes  2010: NRPA changes…branches? Networks?  NOW 1 national professional organization ATRA  NPRA: Inclusion Network

19. TR History  What are your thoughts?