1. Chapter 14 Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain Systems
Professor : Lyu Ph.D
Student：Mira

2. Introduction
Look beyond how logistics and SCM can influence organizational success and to consider the issue of sustainability as it applies to logistics and SCM
“Green “ issues
Economic sustainability
Reverse logistics

3. Learning objectives
Understand what sustainability involves in the context of logistics and SCM
Understand key terms such as carbon footprints, food miles, reverse logistics, etc
Illustrate best practice examples of attempts to reduce environmental footprints
Understand the link that exists between growth in logistics and concomitant growth in the demand for transport
Examine the different aspects of the two key dimensions used in logistics to reduce environmental impacts, namely scale and efficiency
Explain the different aspects of reverse logistics

4. Sustainability
Sustainability to include environmental management, close-loop supply chain and a broad perspective on triple-bottom-line(3BL)
Sustainable logistics is concerned with reducing the environmental and other disbenefits associated with the movement of freight

5. triple-bottom-line(3BL)
An criteria for measuring organizational success: economic, environment and social
People, Planet and Profit are used to concisely describe the triple bottom line and the goal of sustainability
The triple bottom line (or "TBL", "3BL", or "people, planet, profit") captures an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success: economic, ecological and social.三重基線包括
財務基線 (financial bottom line)、
環境基線 (environmental bottom line) 及
社會基線 (social bottom line)
Bearable equitable viable

6. Five core section The green revolution and supply chain redesign
The link between economic growth and transport growth
The role of scale in logistics and SCM
Efficiency solutions
Reverse logistics

7. Green Revolution
The international Kyoto Protocol has called for a 60% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050
Carbon footprint: the environmental disbenefits associated with economic activities such as the movement of freight
Food miles: the distance by which the various components of a particular food item have to travel before final consumption
今天吃一個漢堡，夾在漢堡裏的肉，是從美國坐飛機來的，肉上的洋蔥，是從嘉義坐大卡車來的，送的玩具，則是中國製造坐船來的。於是你就得把背後這些碳全都相加，最後就得出吃下這個漢堡的碳足跡。在國外有研究發現，一個漢堡的碳足跡，約為3.1公斤的二氧化碳。 Discribe calculator

8. The drivers behind the increased emphasis on green issues
Cost
Reduction
Legislation
summarises
Social
Responsibility
Market
pressure

9. Supply chain redesign ‘Greening’ the supply chain:
Largely about forward planning
Over 80% of carbon savings are only achievable at the supply chain design stage, e.g.:
deciding where to locate warehouses and distribution centres
deciding which transport modes to use
reconfiguring distribution networks so as replace small deliveries direct to all end customers with centralised deliveries to a hub from where end customers retrieve their goods

10. Sustainable logistics and SCM
Three ways in which to improve the sustainability of logistics and supply chain system
Redesigning supply chain
Supply chain redesign
Energy bill loyalty conclude juncture in effect negative load mutually exclusive sensitive
Promoting scale
Enhancing efficiency
Using scale to use the negative environmental effects of logistics activities
Promoting various efficiency solutions

11. The link between economic growth and transport growth
There is an closely link between economic growth and transport
i.e. as economies grow, more transport is required to move the freight that economic growth inevitably generates
A core issue for policy makers is to endeavour to decouple economic growth and transport growth
i.e. to find ways of allowing economic growth without comparable growth in transport
Feature essential

12. The role of scale in logistics and SCM
If all the containers in the world were lined up, it would create a container wall with a length of 108,000 kilometres
i.e.2.7 times around the earth at the equator
The volume of freight that can be held in one standard forty foot container is quite significant: 200 dishwashers, 350 bicycles or 5,000 pairs of jeans
The shipping cost per unit is thus quite low: Maersk estimate for freight coming from Asia to Europe it costs £9 per dishwasher, £5 per bicycle and just £0.35 per pair of jeans
Subsidiaries container vessels equivalent TEUs widespread inaugural environmentally taxation volume significant hold in ply inevitable deleterious
Emma Mærsk was the largest container ship
Fraction dra material labor raw standpoi facilitatent consequence

13. The role of scale in logistics and SCM
Only certain ports can handle ultra large vessels
There is growing traffic concentration at certain other ports
Increasingly, many mid-sized ports are playing a feeder role to the very large ports as hub and spoke networks
In these networks the larger vessels ply between the major transhipment hubs
The prosperity of the smaller ports is increasingly dependent on the route strategies of the major shipping lines

14. Efficiency solutions
Many logistics operators are seeking efficiencies with how they move and store freight so as to reduce the environmental impact of their activities
The supply chain strategy can impact the efficiency of the transport services demanded , ex JIT system
Table 14.1 lists some of the many ways in which logistics efficiencies can be generated, and simultaneous environmental penalties reduce , in the case of road haulage
Haulage centric insight road maritime penalize spurred restricted movement

15. Table 14.1 Improving Road Haulage Logistics Efficiency and Reducing Environmental Penalties
Reducing empty running, pooling and sharing capacity, obtaining ‘backhaul’ loads (a number of websites have been developed that match carriers who have available capacity with shippers seeking capacity – see the case below on electronic logistics markets).
Increasing vehicle payload capacity (by weight and/or by cubic volume) – double deck and higher trailers, single tractor unit and multiple trailer combinations, etc.
Improved vehicle routing using GPS and other systems
More efficient use of packaging and loading of containers.
Improved vehicle driving (in-cab computer monitoring of driving style, even examining the benefits of air conditioning versus open windows!).
Enhancing vehicle operating efficiency (for example using hybrid fuels, ensuring correct wheel alignment and enhanced aerodynamic styling of trucks).

16. Reverse logistics
Reverse logistics encompasses a number of streams of activity:
Return of end of life products
Return of defective, damaged and unwanted products
Return of packaging and recovery of returnable equipment such as containers, pallets and barrels
Closed loop supply chains: those which also comprise reverse / return flows

17. Closed-loop supply chain
Material
Supply
Component
Manufacturing
Assembly or
Re-assembly
Distribution
Repair
User
Recycle
Remanufacturing
Reuse
Material
Recovery
Disassembly
Inspection
Separation
Collection
shows the structure of a typical closed-loop supply chain
The flow of reverse logistics is drawn in the figure
with solid lines while the forward flow delineated with dashed lines.
It also depicts the
main processing options in reverse logistics, which are reuse, repair, remanufacturing,
recycling and disposal
Disposal
Waste
Disposal

18. Green product design
It is at the product design stage that the most contribution can be made towards reducing a products environmental footprint
This is sometimes referred to as green product design

19. Comparison of reverse logistic and green logistics
Packaging reduction
Air & noise emissions
Environmental impact
Recycling
Remanufacturing
Reusable packaging
Production returns
Marketing returns
Secondary markets
Recycling
Remanufacturing
Reusable packaging
Comparison of reverse logistic and green logistics
Fig.3 gives a comparison between reverse logistics and green logistics
the differences and the overlap between the two conceptions are presented in
the figure. The overlap means there are some activities applied both to reverse logistics
and to green logistics, such as recycling, remanufacturing and reusable packaging
Reverse logistics differs from green supply chain as the latter concentrates on
environmental impact of all logistics activities especially the activities involved in traditional
forward logistics [8]. The environmental issues in green logistics are reduced
consumption of natural resources, air emissions, congestion and road usage, noise
pollution, and both hazardous and non-hazardous waste disposal. So green logistics
investigate supply chain with respects to environmental and ecological activities while
reverse logistics emphasizes more on the profitability of strategic recovery options.
The overlap means there are some activities applied both to reverse logistics and to green logistics
Green logistics investigate supply chain with respects to environmental and ecological activities while reverse logistics emphasizes more on the profitability of strategic recovery options

20. Thank You for Your Attention