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Published byTabitha Thomas Modified over 9 years ago
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The Marmaray Tunnel Project Bosphorus Strait, Turkey
Jenny Allen Oliver Read Aaron Fullick
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Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide
35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours
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Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea (Asian Side) Turkey
Sea of Marmara Turkey (European side) (Asian Side) Bosphorus Strait 32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours
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Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea Turkey (Asian Side)
32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours Turkey (Asian Side) Turkey (European side) Sea of Marmara
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Introduction Bosphorus Strait Istanbul Black Sea Turkey (Asian Side)
32km long 0.7 – 3.5 km wide 35m depth Istanbul 2 toll bridges Train and ferry – 3 hours Turkey (Asian Side) Turkey (European side) Sea of Marmara
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The need for a Rail Tunnel?
Reduce congestion and pollution Increase current crossing capacity Improve existing rail links Reduce dependency on oil imports Increase rail freight usage
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Marmaray Tunnel 1.4km Immersed Tunnel
Deepest immersed tunnel in the world at 56m. Major part of the $3bn Marmaray project
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Geology Paleozoic Rock (545-250 Million years ago)
Sedimentary Rocks – mudstones, silstones and sandstones Tertiary Sediments ( 65 – 1.8 Million years ago) Quaternary Sediments (1.8 Million years ago – present)
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North Anatolian Fault 20km South of Istanbul
Anatolian Plate is being “squeezed” Westwards by the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
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North Anatolian Fault Stress on fault is being shifted along.
7 earthquakes over 7 on the Richter scale since 1939. Earthquake in Istanbul is imminent.
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Earthquakes Destructive power of earthquake Liquefaction Settlement
Underwater land slides Tsunamis
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Tunnels in Earthquake Zones
Bart Tunnel, San Francisco Bay Seikan Tunnel, Japan Project heavily influenced by these projects and the expertise gained from them
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Archaeology Settlement dating back over 8000 years
The discovery of the 4th century port of Theodosius on the European side has caused a 4 year delay to the project
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Solutions High Compaction Grouting in boreholes
Large cover of sediment Soil / cemeticious mix Current prediction
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Solutions Tunnel Boring Machine Specialised concrete
Cathodic protection
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Solutions Rubber flexible joints Waterproofing Membranes
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Conclusions Any Questions?
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