1. Presented by Monty Sullins Vertebrate Pest Specialist Montana Department of Agriculture

3. Soil tillage/cultivation Crop Rotation

4. Irrigation

5. Burning / Debris Removal Grazing Management

7. 1. Ground squirrels, prairie dogs, marmots 2. Can be effective on small areas/localized problems 3. Expensive, time consuming ineffective on large areas

9. Types:  Pocket gopher pincher and box traps  Conibear  Live traps  Ground squirrel traps

10. Can be effective on small areas …… but labor intensive

12. Plague, Tularemia, etc. occur naturally but cannot be used as a managed control

14. Prevents access of rodents into buildings

16. Expensive and labor intensive

17. Ignitable gas cartridge: a. General use b. Lighter than air – may not filter throughout burrow c. May be a fire hazard in dry conditions

18. Aluminum phosphide a. Restricted use b. NEW RULES AND REGULATIONS c. Requires good soil moisture d. Used primarily for ground squirrels and prairie dogs

20. Zinc Phosphide grain baits  Registered (restricted Use) for controlling all field rodent pests in Montana  Formulated on grain  Must be prebaited in all applications except for voles  Single dose – no antedote  May be spot baited, broadcasted, or used in burrow machines  Special requirements for broadcast application – contact Montana Dept. of Agriculture  Cannot be used in bait stations

21. Rozol  Anti-coagulant – Chlorophacinone  Registered for controlling ground squirrels, pocket gophers, and voles – NOT prairie dogs  Antedote – Vitamin K  Can be used in bait stations – also Ra,ik Green  MUST follow application instructions completely – 2 applications 2-3 days apart  Spot application only – cannot broadcast

22. Strychnine  Illegal to use except for pocket gopher control ONLY – applied underground by hand or in burrow machine  Formulated on oats or milo

24. 1. Rodents are a food base for hawks, owls, eagles, coyotes, foxes, badgers, etc 2. Help reduce rodent numbers but may not be enough to adequately reduce damage

26. 1. Oxygen/propane exploders a. Expensive, labor intensive, poor results 2. Gum a. No evidence that it works