2. Integrated Pest Management

3. What is integrated pest management? 1. IPM is most effective and environmentally friendly method approach to control. 2. IPM focuses on pest prevention by identifying, preventing and monitoring pests with the least amount of danger to the environment by the most economical means.

4. 3. According to the EPA, "Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices". 4. Chemical pesticides are only one part of the solution so therefore they are used more sparingly and wisely.

5. Steps to integrate the IPM 1. Identify the pest. 2. Prevention of pests can be controlled by using cultural methods such as crop rotation, pest resistant varieties and planting pest-free rootstock. 3. Monitoring new infestations can be the best controlled by early detection.

6. Steps to integrate IPM 4. Traps may be used to check pest population. 5. Use the less risky pest control first including pheromones that will disrupt pest mating or mechanical controls including traps. 6. If these methods are not effective, additional control methods including target spraying of a pesticide may be necessary. Broadcast spraying would be used as a last resort.

7. Pest Control Methods Mechanical Biological Cultural Genetic Enhancement Chemical

8. Mechanical Control of Pests Tillage –Rotary Hoe –Cultivator –Disc Slash & Burn Hand Weeding

9. Cultural Pest Control Plant Population Row width Fertility Planting Date Crop Rotation Surface Residue Mixed Cropping Scarecrows Drainage Smother Techniques Burial of Garbage

10. Biological Pest Control Beneficial Insects Parasites Predators Sex Attractants Irradiation of males Fungal Control Selective Breeding

11. Beneficial Insects 1. Lady beetles or lady bugs both adults and larva feed on soft bodied insects (aphids), mites and eggs. 2. Parasitic wasp attack caterpillar, butterfly or moth egg or pupa, beetle egg and other insects in the egg, larva or pupa stage.

12. Beneficial Insects (continued) 3. Praying mantis will eat just about any pest. 4. Green lacewing larvae are predators that fee mainly on soft bodied insects, mites, and eggs. 5. Predatory mites will attack spider mites at any stage of development inside a greenhouse or outside.

13. Genetic Enhancements Round-up Ready –Soybeans –Corn –Alfalfa Bt Corn Potato Leaf Hopper Resistant Alfalfa