1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

3. What is a pest organism? What is a pest organism? Depends on who is defining it!

5. What is a pest? Unwanted or undesirable organism Reduces value of human resources (food, feed, water, or space) Injures humans, animals, crops, structures, and possessions Spreads or causes disease Causes annoyance, discomfort, inconvenience, interference

6. What is Integrated Pest Management? A planned method to manage pests Control, not eradication is the goal Examines ecosystem impacts Examines human health impacts Evaluates effectiveness constantly Does not rely solely on chemical pesticides (but includes them when appropriate)

9. Biological Control (one method used in IPC) The planned introduction of living organisms to control the population of pest organisms Relies on predation, parasitism or herbivores Usually done by government authorities (e.g. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources) Extensive research before it is done – examining ecosystem effects - such as potential for organism to become an invasive species

10. Biological Control – 3 methods Conservation of natural enemies (e.g. providing habitat / food source for predator/parasite species) Classical – introduce a foreign species to prey on / parasitize another Augmentation – supplemental release of natural enemies to increase their population

11. Examples Asian ladybeetles released in North America (1980s) to control aphids VERY SUCCESSFUL!

12. Maybe too successful! Outcompeted native ladybeetles for food (aphids) and the native species population has decreased Now considered a nuisance themselves by many as they tend to overwinter indoors and can stain things when squashed

13. Parasitic Wasps or Flies Wasps or flies lay their eggs on or in another insect. Developing larvae use the host insect as food.

14. Herbivores to control weeds Example: introduction of moth species to control Leafy Spurge (British Columbia) BeforeAfter

15. Biological Control – 2 examples

16. Parasitic Wasps

17. Video links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hj3Dw imxvvY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hj3Dw imxvvY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLtUk- W5Gpk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLtUk- W5Gpk