1. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 2: Suffixes

2. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter Objectives Define a suffix. How suffixes are used. General noun, adjective, and plural suffixes.

3. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Suffixes Suffix = word ending that modifies a root May indicate a noun or adjective Often determines how word begins –Myel/o (bone marrow) + -oid = myeloid (like or pertaining to bone marrow) –Myel/o + -oma = myeloma (tumor of the bone marrow)

4. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Noun Suffixes Suffixes can convert roots into nouns –The ending –sis may appear with different combining vowels as: -osis, -iasis, -esis, or -asis

5. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Suffixes That Mean “Condition of” SuffixExampleDefinition of Example -iadementialoss of (de-) intellectual function -ismracismdiscrimination based on race -sisthrombosishaving a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel -yatonylack of muscle tone

6. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Suffixes for Medical Specialties SuffixMeaningExampleDefinition of Example -ianspecialist in a field of study physicianpractitioner of medicine (from root physi/o, meaning “nature”) -iatricsmedical specialtypediatricscare and treatment of children (ped/o) -iatrymedical specialtypsychiatrystudy and treatment of mental (psych/o) disorders -icsmedical specialtyorthopedicsstudy and treatment of the skeleton and joints (from root ped/o, meaning “child,” and prefix ortho, meaning “straight”) -istspecialist in a field of study podiatristone who studies and treats the foot (pod/o) -logystudy ofphysiologystudy of function in a living organism

7. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Adjective Suffixes Adjective endings meaning “pertaining to”, “like”, or “resembling” include: –-ac as in cardiac –-form as in muciform –-ory as in respiratory No rules for which ending to use with a given noun

8. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Suffixes That Mean “Pertaining to,” “Like,” or “Resembling” SuffixExampleDefinition of Example -accardiacpertaining to the heart -alvocalpertaining to the voice -arnuclearpertaining to a nucleus -arysalivarypertaining to saliva -formmuciformlike or resembling mucus -icanatomicpertaining to anatomy

9. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Suffixes That Mean “Pertaining to,” “Like,” or “Resembling (cont’d) SuffixExampleDefinition of Example -ical (ic + al)electricalpertaining to electricity -ilevirilepertaining to the male; masculine -oidlymphoidpertaining to the lymphatic system -orycirculatorypertaining to circulation -ouscutaneouspertaining to the skin

10. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Forming Plurals Special plural forms –Words ending in –a carry plural ending –ae: Gingiva vs. gingivae –Words ending in –is carry plural ending –es: Diagnosis vs. diagnoses

11. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Some Exceptions to the Rules Plural of sinus is sinuses Plural of virus is viruses Plural of serums is sera

12. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Plural Endings Word Ending Plural EndingSingular ExamplePlural Example aaevertebra (bone of the spine)vertebrae eninalumen (central opening)lumina ex, ix, yxicesmatrix (background substance; mold)matrices isesdiagnosis (determination of a disease or defect) diagnoses mamatastigma (mark or scar)stigmata nx (anx, inx, ynx) ngesphalanx (bone of finger or toe)phalanges onaganglion (mass of nervous tissue)ganglia umaserum (thin fluid)sera usithrombus (blood clot)thrombi

13. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 1.The suffix in the word learning is (a) learn (b) ng (c) ing (d) earn

14. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 1.The suffix in the word learning is (a) learn (b) ng (c) ing (d) earn

15. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 2.The suffixes -ism, -ia, and -ist are found in: (a) verbs (b) adjectives (c) adverbs (d) nouns

16. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 2.The suffixes -ism, -ia, and -ist are found in: (a) verbs (b) adjectives (c) adverbs (d) nouns

17. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 3.The suffixes -ic,-al, -ous, and -oid are found in: (a) adjectives (b) nouns (c) verbs (d) roots

18. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 3.The suffixes -ic,-al, -ous, and -oid are found in: (a) adjectives (b) nouns (c) verbs (d) roots

19. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 4.The suffix –form means: (a) excess (b) origin (c) resembling (d) paired

20. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 4.The suffix –form means: (a) excess (b) origin (c) resembling (d) paired

21. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 5.The suffix -logy means: (a) placement (b) study of (c) vocabulary (d) size

22. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 5.The suffix -logy means: (a) placement (b) study of (c) vocabulary (d) size

23. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 6.The plural of fungus is: (a) fungi (b) fungal (c) fungae (d) funga

24. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 6.The plural of fungus is: (a) fungi (b) fungal (c) fungae (d) funga

25. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 7.The plural of protozoon is: (a) protozoi (b) protozoae (c) protozoas (d) protozoa

26. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 7.The plural of protozoon is: (a) protozoi (b) protozoae (c) protozoas (d) protozoa

27. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 8.The singular of ova (eggs) is: (a) ovi (b) ovae (c) ovum (d) ovas

28. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 8.The singular of ova (eggs) is: (a) ovi (b) ovae (c) ovum (d) ovas

29. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 9.The singular of phenomena is: (a) phenomenon (b) phenomenae (c) phenomenas (d) phenomeni

30. Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Test 9.The singular of phenomena is: (a) phenomenon (b) phenomenae (c) phenomenas (d) phenomeni