2. SCH4U Spring 2012

3.  Single covalent bonds  Saturated hydrocarbons  Nonpolar  Not soluble in water  Soluble in benzene and other non-polar solvents  General formula: C n H 2n+2 (n represents the number of carbon atoms)

5. e.g. C 4 H 10  Empirical molecular formula C 4 H 10  Expanded molecular formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3  Structural formula  Condensed structural formula CH 3 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3  Line structural formula

6.  Three basic parts:  Root: denotes the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms  Prefix: gives the positions and names of any branches from the main chain  Suffix: indicates the series to which the molecule belongs (e.g. –ane)

8. Identify the root  Identify the longest continuous chain  Find the root for the number of carbons in the chain Identify the suffix Identify the prefix  Identify the number of carbon atoms in each side group and determine the name  If there is more than one type of side group, write their names in alphabetical order  Find the position of each side group. Numbering must begin at the end of the main chain that will give the side groups the lowest possible numbers  Use a hyphen to separate numbers and words and use a comma to separate the numbers  Use a prefix to indicate how many of each type of side group are present if there is more than one of the same side group (e.g. di-, tri-, tetra-) Name the compound

9.  Name the following molecules

10.  Identify the root  Identify the suffix  Draw and number the main chain, but do not add any hydrogen atoms yet  Identify the prefix and draw the side groups  Add hydrogen atoms

11.  Draw the condensed formula for 2-methylbutane 2,2-dimethyl-3-propyloctane  Draw the line structural formula for 3,3,4-triethylnonane 3,3,4,4-tetramethyldecane

12.  Small alkanes are gases at standard temperature  Medium-length alkanes are liquids at standard temperature  Very large alkanes are waxy solids  The larger the alkane, the higher the boiling point

13.  At least one double bond in the carbon chain  At least two carbon atoms  Unsaturated hydrocarbons  Non-polar  Do not dissolve in water  General formula (one double bond): C n H 2n

14.  Identify the root Identify the longest continuous chain that contains the double bond Find the root for the number of carbons in the chain  Identify the suffix Number the main chain by starting at the end of the chain nearest the double bond If the alkene contains four or more carbons, give the position of the double bond by indicating the number of the carbon atom that precedes the double bond. The suffix consists of a hyphen, the number and -ene  Identify the prefix  Name the compound

15.  Name each alkene

16.  Draw the condensed structural formula for 3-propylhept-2-ene 4-ethyl-2,5-dimethyloct-3-ene  Draw a line structural formula for 2-methylbut-1-ene 4-ethyl-4,5-dimethylhex-1-ene

17.  At least one triple bond  Unsaturated hydrocarbons  non-polar  Insoluble in water  General formula: C n H 2n-2

18.  Name the following:

19.  Draw the condensed structural formula for: But-2-yne 4-ethyl-4-methylhept-2-yne  Draw a line structural formula for 4,5-dimethylhex-1-yne 2,5,7-trimethylnon-3-yne