1. By: Alisa Kowalski & Brian Sobecki
Comparative Skeletal Systems & External Anatomy of Livestock and Poultry
By: Alisa Kowalski & Brian Sobecki

2. Skeleton
Bone- Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells
Cartilage- Shiny, white, hard tissue, found at end of long bones and prevents bones from grinding against each other

3. Skeleton
Ligament- Strong, white bands of tissue that connect two bones together at a joint
Marrow-Soft tissue filling the spongy interiors of bones
Tendon- Shiny, white bands of tissue that connect muscles to bone

4. Skeleton Framework of Hard Tissue Gives Support Protects Soft Tissue
Serves as Levers in Movement

5. Skeleton Number of Bones Varies with Age and Species
Bones May be described as..
Long
Flat
Short
Irregular

6. Bone Structure Compact Contains Vessels, Nerves and Marrow
Can Repair Itself
Organic Material Gives Elasticity
Inorganic Matter Gives Rigidity

7. Axial Skeleton Skull Nasal Cavity Mandible Sinuses Temporal bone
Turbinates (cartilaginous bone)
ex: Nose

8. Axial Skeleton Spinal Column- Vertibrae Contains:
Protects Spinal Cord
Contains:
Cervical or Neck Area
Involved with Head and Neck Movement
Most flexible part of the Axial Skeleton

9. Spinal Column -Vertebrae
Thoracic Area- “Shoulders”
Upper Wall of Chest Cavity
Ribs are Attached
Peaks at Summit of Wither
Limited Movement and Flexibility

10. Spinal Column -Vertebrae
Lumbar group- “Lower Back”
Usually includes vertebra
Framework for loin area
More flexibility than thoracic but less than cervical

11. Spinal Column -Vertebrae
Sacral Group- “Rump”
Several Vertebrae fused into one bone- Sacrum
Highest point of the group
Connected by a firm joint with the hip (pelvis) bones on each side of sacrum

12. Spinal Column -Vertebrae
Coccygeal- “Tail”
15-20 Vertibrae
Essentially no Spinal Cord

13. Appendicular Skeleton
Locomotion
Eating
Defense
Connected to Axial Skeleton by Muscles &/or Bony Joints
Contains:

14. Foreleg Contains: Scapula- Shoulder Blade Humerus Radius and Ulna
Fused Together
Connected with Humerus to Make Elbow Joint

15. Foreleg Carpal Bones- the knee bones Metacarpal Bones Phalanges
Absorbs and Dissapates Concussive Actions
Metacarpal Bones
Phalanges
Sesmoids
Distal or Navicular Bones

16. Hind Leg Contains: Femur- thigh bone
Patella- bone in front of stifle joint
Tibia & Fibula
Contains Tarsus- “Hock”
Metatarsus
Phalages
Sesamoids

17. Parts of A Horse

18. Horse Skeleton

19. Parts of a Beef Animal

20. Parts of a Dairy Cow

21. Cow Skeleton

22. Parts of a Hog

23. Skeleton of the Swine

24. Parts of a Sheep

25. Parts of A Chicken

26. Skeleton of A Chicken