1. Human Skeleton NameCommon Name 1CraniumBraincase 8MaxillaryUpper Jaw 9MandibleLower Jaw 10HyoidNone 11 Cervical Vertebrae (7)Neck bone 12SternumBreastbone 13ClavicleCollarbone 15ScapulaShoulder Blade 16SternumBreastbone

2. Human Skeleton 17Xiphoid ProcessBreastbone End 18Ribs (24)Ribs 19 Thoracic Vertebrae (12)Back Bones 20HumerusArm/Funny Bone 21RadiusForearm 22 UlnaForearm 23 Carpals (8 each wrist)Wrist Bones 24 Metacarpals (5 each hand)Hand Bones 25 Phalanges (14 each hand)Finger/Toe Bones 26 Lumbar Vertebrae (5)Lower Back Bones

3. Human Skeleton 27PelvisHip Bone 28Sacrum (1) 29Coccyx (1)Tail Bone 32FemurThigh Bone 33PatellaKneecap 34TibiaShin Bone 35FibulaLower Leg Bone 37CalcaneusHeel Bone 38TarsalsAnkle Bones 39MetatarsalsFoot Bones

4. Skeletal System #1 Functions- Support & movement, muscle attachment, levers Protection of internal organs Manufacture of blood cells Storage of minerals, phosphorous, calcium

5. Bone Structure- #2 Figure 1- Typical Long Bone 1. Cartilage – Located at the ends of bones, reduces friction 2. Spongy bone – Located inside compact bone & at the ends of long bones, many air spaces 3. Marrow – Soft tissue located in the center of hollow bones, produce red blood cells & some white blood cells

6. Bone Structure- #2 Figure 1- Typical Long Bone 4. Periosteum – Tough membrane that encases the bone 5. Compact bone – Dense bone, strong, located along the center of long bones 6. Ligament or Tendon – Ligament- connects bone to other bone – Tendon- connects muscle to bone

7. Bone Structure- #3 Figure 2 a. Vertebral column – Protects spinal cord b. Thoracic cavity or Ribcage – Protects lungs & heart c. Cranium – Protects brain d. Mandible – Shapes face, allows chewing

8. Bone Structure- #3 Figure 2 e. Shoulder girdle – Supports, anchors arm f. Pelvis – Protects pelvic organs, anchors leg g. Cartilage – Reduces friction between bones h. Spongy bone – Bone with air spaces

9. Bone Structure- #3 Figure 2 i. Marrow – Forms blood cells j. Compact bone – Gives bone strength and hardness k. Blood vessels/nerves l. Osteocyte – Living bone cells m. Haversian Canal – Canal for blood vessels in bone

10. Bone Development- #4 Ossification The changing of cartilage to bone Osteocytes deposit minerals that replace cartilage forming bone

11. Cells Associated Tissue- #5 Osteocytes – living bone cells, deposit or absorbs minerals, bone growth and ossification Cartilage- 2 types – Temporary cartilage- ossifies into bone – Permanent cartilage- remain cartilage through out your life ends of bones, nose, ear

12. Cells Associated Tissue- #5 Tendons – Hold muscle to bone Ligaments – Hold bone to bone

13. Joints- #6 Point where bones meet Types- – Fixed- immovable, no movement, cranium – Semimovable- allows some motion, vertebrae – Freely movable- allows much motion

14. Joints- #6 – Movable- allows much motion Ball & socket- shoulder, hip Hinge- knee, elbow Pivot- top 2 vertebrae, elbow Gliding- wrist, foot Saddle- base of thumb