1. Chapter 7, part 1
The Axial Skeleton

2. Learning Objectives
Identify the bones of the axial skeleton and specify their functions.
Identify the bones of the cranium and face.
Describe the differences between adult, child and infant skulls.
Identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column.
Identify the vertebral regions and give characteristics of each.
Explain the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and sternum.

3. SECTION 7-1 Divisions of the Skeleton

4. Skeletal system includes both:
Axial skeleton
Skull
Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral and pelvic girdles
Upper and lower limbs

5. Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton

6. SECTION The Skull

7. The skull Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face
The cranium encloses cranial cavity
Facial bones surround and protect the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts
Superficial landmarks include the sutures
Lambdoid
Coronal
Sagittal
Squamous

8. Figure 7.2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull

9. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3a, b

10. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3c

11. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3d

12. Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull
Figure 7.3e

13. Focus: The Individual Bones of the Skull Cranial Bones
one occipital bone
foramen magnum
two parietal bones
one frontal bone
frontal sinuses
two temporal bones
auditory ossicles
one sphenoid
one ethmoid

14. Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4a

15. Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
Figure 7.4b