1. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes Coach Riordan Bio 1A

2. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes I. Energy & Life A Autotrophs & Heterotrophs 1. ________________________-organisms such as plants which make their own food. Plants and some other organisms are able to use light energy from sun to make food. 2. Other organisms called ____________________ cannot use the suns energy directly and must obtain energy from the foods they consume.

3. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes B. Chemical Energy and ATP 1. Energy in Chemicals can be released by breaking chemical bonds. 2. All living things use ______________ (Adenosine Triphosphate) to store and release energy in the cell. 3. ATP is a compound made of Adenine, Ribose Sugar, and 3 phosphate molecules. The energy in ATP is stored in the 3 rd phosphate bond and is released when ATP is made into _________________ by breaking the bond.

4. The ATP Molecule

5. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes II. Photosynthesis A. In the process of ____________________, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert _____________________ and CO 2 into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen. These carbohydrates are later used to make ATP.

6. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 1. The Photosynthesis Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

7. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 2. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called _________________. The main pigment in plants is ______________.

8. Quick Review of ROYGBIV

9. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes III. The reactions of Photosynthesis A.All reactions of photosynthesis take place inside the ________________________ of a plant cell. 1.Chloroplasts contain photosynthetic membranes called _____________________________ which are arranged in stacks called ___________________. 2.Thylakoid membranes organize chlorophyll and other pigments into light collecting units known as ______________________________.

10. Anatomy of Chloroplasts

11. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes B. There are two sets of reactions that take place inside chloroplasts. 1. ___________________________-light requiring rxn’s that produce O 2 and convert ADP and NAD+ into ATP and NADPH. These rxn’s take place on the thylakoid membrane.

12. The Light Reactions

13. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 2. ___________________________-also known as the light-independent rxns, this process occurs in the __________________ of chloroplasts and converts CO 2 into sugars using energy from light-dependent rxns.

14. The Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

15. The Big Picture

16. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes C. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis 1.Water Shortage 2.Temperature 3.Intensity of Light YOU TUBE LINK ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

17. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes I. Chemical Pathways A. Chemical Energy & Food 1. Primarily, cells can use fats, sugars, and proteins to make energy. a.The amount of energy in food is measured in __________________________________.

18. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 2. The process of releasing energy from food in the presence of oxygen is called _____________________________. You Tube on Cell Respiration

19. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes B. Overview of Cellular Respiration 1. First step in Cell Respiration is __________________ where one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of _____________________________. This process releases small amounts of _________________________.

21. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 2. Once glucose is broken down into Pyruvic Acid, it is transported into the ___________________ where it is put through the ______________________. This series of reactions results in ____________, small amounts of ____________, ___________, and ____________.

23. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes 3. The final step in cell respiration is known as the _____________________________. This is an __________________ process that produces large amounts of _____________ and it occurs in the inner membrane of the _____________________.

25. THE BIG PICTURE

26. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes C. ____________________ is a process that occurs during ________________ conditions. This process occurs because pyruvic acid builds up when krebs cycle and electron transport chain are not working due to a lack of O 2. There are two types of fermentation: 1. __________________________-some microorganisms form ethyl alcohol and CO 2 when O 2 is not present. 2. __________________________-many cell types convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid when O2 is not available. This process uses NADH so that glycolysis can continue. Lactic acid build up is responsible for burning sensation that is felt during vigorous exercise when body is not able to supply enough O 2 to all tissues of the body.

27. Alcoholic Fermentation

28. Lactic Acid Fermentation

29. Big Picture of Fermentation

30. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes D. Total ATP Production of Cellular Respiration Glycolysis4 Net ATP Krebs Cycle & Electron Chain30 Net ATP 34 Total Net ATP per 1 Glucose Molecule

31. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes E. Energy & Exercise 1. Quick Energy: Most cells contain enough ATP for 4- 5 seconds of intense activity. When this available ATP is spent, most ATP is produced via lactic acid fermentation. These sources can usually last up to 90 seconds. 2. Long-Term Energy: Your body stores enough _____________________ for about 15-20 minutes of activity. After that, your body begins to break down other stored molecules including fats for energy.

32. Unit 3 Skeleton Notes F. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration PhotosynthesisCell Respiration FunctionEnergy Captured LocationMitochondria ReactantsCO 2 and H 2 O Products CO 2 and H 2 O and ATP Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP